Mental Health - Area 3 Flashcards
How does cognitive explain mental health ?
Cognitive explanations assume irrational thinking are root cause of abnormal behaviour. It is the interpretation of the event that is key to understanding their mental illness.
What was Ellis’ ABC model ?
States that an activating event occurs causing th individual to have a rational or irrational belief about the event and therefore the individual must undergo consequence of the belief.
If people spend a lot of time thinking irrationally then it becomes habit and is hard to break and leads to depression.
What did Beck’s negative triad state about depression ?
A person would select information from their environment about the self, the world and the future to confirm their negative thoughts. One small negative point will be focus of attention. Hopefully change to one will lead to change in others.
What is attentional bias ?
Selectively focussing on threat. They are attentive to stimulus and are hyper vigilant that is constantly scanning for phobic stimulus before it is detected.
What is negative appraisal bias ?
People with phobias appraise harmless situations and objects as dangerous. They exaggerate risk of danger. Negative appraisals are a result of irrational beliefs and thoughts that are maladaptive.
How does cognitive explain schizophrenia ?
For clinically healthy people, cognitive processes occur outside our conscious awareness so we are less aware of cognition. People with schizophrenia are more aware of their cognition.
What was Frith’s deficit theory ?
Suggested people with schizophrenia are more consciously aware of many cognitive processes. Thoughts normally filtered are not, which increases processing occurring consciously. Too much information is processed, leading to sensory overload.
How does social learning theory explain depression ?
Individuals observe depressive behaviour and learn it from role models who the individual identifies with. Vicarious/ direct reinforcement on reward wanting attention from themselves getting attention or others receiving attention for their depression. They internalise symptoms of depression into everyday life.
How does the behaviourist explanation explain mental health ?
Explains that all behaviour is learnt and observable so can be determined from past experiences and external events.
How does classical conditioning explain depression ?
Depression is learnt through association.
How does Maier show depression can be down to classical conditioning ?
“Learned Helplessness”
Placed dogs in a cage and conditioned them to receive shock after hearing a tone and they couldn’t escape. Then placed in cage with 2 compartments where they could escape. Those who learnt they couldn’t escape didn’t even try when given the opportunity.
How does Lewinsohn shown depression can be down to operant conditioning ?
When positive reinforcers from the environment are removed, this can cause depression. E.g.. if people lose their job then positive reinforcement of interactions with colleges are reduced.
How does classical conditioning explain phobias ?
The unconditioned stimulus causes an unconditioned response from a neutral stimulus. This causes a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response.
How does the tripartite of personality explain depression ?
Freud believed depression closely resembles grief, which is the loss of something real or symbolic and he believed this was normal. Difference between normal grief and depression is self-hatred.
How does the tripartite of personality explain phobias ?
First manifested in childhood conflict with parents. ID represents fear response (animal instinct). Ego is threatened so defends itself by displacing initial conflict onto neutral stimulus (spider), which then represents initial feared situation.
