Forensic - Area 3 Flashcards
What are interviews with a suspect ?
They are defined by code C of police and criminal act (PACE). “Questioning of persons involvement in criminal offense must be always carries out under caution.
What do police in the UK say when arresting someone ?
” You do not have to say anything but may harm your defence when questioned on something you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given as evidence. “
What do police in the US say when arresting someone ?
“You have the right to remain silent, anything you do say can and will be used in court of law. You have the right to an attorney and if you cannot afford one, an attorney will be appointed for you.”
What can interrogations lead to ?
Can give police with lawful means of convincing someone.
What did Kassin state about interrogation ?
Guilt is a presumptive process and the outcome of an interrogation is measured by gaining a confession.
What is conformational bias ?
More likely for interrogators to be affected by this as it is unlikely that interrogators will revaluate their beliefs.
What did Gudjonsson say about willingness to comply ?
He found that individuals who score highly on self-report of compliance are more vulnerable due to their eagerness to please others.
Are people with psychological disorders more likely to make false confessions ?
Yes as they have distorted memories and perception.
Are the youth more likely to make false confessions ?
Judgement may be immature as they are impulsive and diminished.
What did Gudjonsson look at ?
Showed police had coerced false confessions during IRA bombings of Birmingham six. They were sentenced to life imprisonment. 4 out of 6 men had signed confessions. Argued that there are 4 factors surrounding each confession.
What were the 4 factors affecting confessions ?
1) Defendant
2) The Arrest
3) Mental/ physical stat
4) Interrogation
What is a standard interview ?
Rapid fire questions with frequent interruptions. Too standardised so lack detail.
What did Fisher and Geiselman look at ?
Consists of a set of 4 components that the interviewer should follow to maximise information retrieval. Shouldn’t be followed as a recipe but should be seen as a toolbox of skills to be used strategically.
What were the 4 factors that Fisher and Geiselman stated ?
1) Context reinstatement
2) Recall everything
3) Recall from changed perspective
4) Recall in changed order.
What did Fisher et al state ?
Tested cognitive interviews in field using interviews with recall witnesses.
16 police deferred, 7 trained in CI. Interviews recorded and analysed at Uni in California who were blind to conditions/ who wasnt trained.
