Forensic - Area 4 Flashcards
What does Penrod and Cutler state about witness confidence ?
Looked at female witness confidence at 80% or 100% measuring % of guilty verdicts. 67% of jury voted robber guilty on 100% confidence but only 60% in 80% confidence. Found that more confident the witness is, the more likely jury is to return a guilty verdict.
What did Rozell state about child witnesses ?
Found that children were good observes and perhaps more objective than adults. Reported that children have a greater difficulty in translating their observation.
What is the halo effect ?
Cognitive bias, which overall impression of a person influences thoughts about a persons character.
What did Dion et al state about the halo effect on attractiveness ?
Used 60 psych student and found attractive people are more likely to be viewed as having socially desirable personalities and less likely to be convicted as criminals.
What did Castellow state about the attractiveness of the defendant ?
Used a mock trial with 71 males and 74 females psych students from the USA. Given photos of sexual harassment case that were previously scored from 1 to 9 on attractiveness. Found appearance can have an effect on jury decisions.
What did Signal and Ostrove state about attraciveness of the defendant ?
120 undergraduates into 6 groups. Presented with case of either attractive female defendant or unattractive. or control and if the crime was burglary or fraud. Found unattractive and control were of a similar conviction. Attractive had longer sentences for fraud. Attractive people are more likely to get a way with crime or receive reduced sentences.
What did Medlar et al state about the race of the defendant ?
found during sexual assault cases, defendants who were white, attractive victims were rated as more responsible for alleged assault than unattractive victims. However this was reversed for trial with black defendant and non-existent for trials with aboriginal Canadian defendants.
What is the aim of Dixon regarding accent ?
To see if suspect with Brummie accent received a higher rating of guilt than a suspect with a standard accent.
What was the aim of Dixon regarding type and race ?
To see whether race or type of crime would effect how suspect was judged.
What is the sample of Dixon ?
119 white undergraduates from Worchester. Took as part of course. Ppts who grew up in Birmingham were excluded.
What is the method of Dixon ?
Lab experiment with 2x2x2 factional design using an independent measures designs.
What was the 2x2x2 method in Dixon ?
IV 1 = Brummie or standard
IV 2 = Black or white
IV 3 = Blue collar (armed robbery) or white collar (cheque fraud)
What was the DV in Dixon ?
Attributions of guilt using a 7pt rating scale. Also measured using a speech evaluation instrument to measure language attitudes.
What is the procedure of Dixon ?
Ppts listened to a 2 min recording of a mock trial. Suspect pleaded innocent and one tape arrested for white collar and one for blue collar. Description of suspect by police was altered to black or white.
What were the results in Dixon for accents ?
Brummie was rated higher on guilt than standard accent.
