Menopause Flashcards
Define menopause.
When menstrual cycles have stopped for entire year.
When does menopause usually begin.
Above the age of 50.
Name 2 hormones that decrease during menopause.
Oestrogen. Progesterone.
Name 2 hormones that increase during menopause.
GnRH (as oestrogren decreases). FSH. LH.
What is the perimenopause stage?
4 years before the final menstrual period, where there are missed/irregular menstrual cycles and changes in bleeding patterns (heavy, prolonged, light).
Why does FSH increase during menopause?
There is a lack of inhibitory feedback from oestrogen on hypothalamus.
What causes menopause?
A decreased number of oocytes, results in a reduced number of oestrogen.
Give 2 symptoms of the short-term effects of menopause.
Headaches. Palpitations. Leg cramps. Hot-flushes/night sweats. Mood changes.
Give 2 symptoms of the long-term effects of menopause.
Vaginal dryness. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis (oestrogen importance in bone cell resorption by osteoclasts).
Hormone replacement therapy is used to treat menopause. Name 2 of the 3 hormones used.
Oestrogen. Progesterone. Testosterone.
What is progesterones role as a hormone replacement therapy?
It can be used to protect the endometrium if a uterus is present.
What is testosterones role as a hormone replacement therapy?
It improves overall energy. It increases sexual desire and arousal.
What is used Replens used for?
Treats vaginal dryness.
What can be used to treat osteoporosis in menopause patients?
Vitamin D and calcium supplements.
What is used to treat mood changes in menopause?
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor e.g. Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Vilazodone.
What is Gabapentin’s role in treating a complication of menopause?
It treats joint pain and muscle pain.
What does POI stand for?
Premature ovarian insufficiency?
What does Premature Ovarian Insufficiency mean?
It’s the loss of normal function of your ovaries before age 40. If your ovaries fail, they don’t produce normal amounts of the hormone estrogen or release eggs regularly. Infertility is a common result.
Give 2 clinical diagnoses for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.
Amenorrhoea (no periods) for 4 months. FSH level greater than 30.
What level of FSH suggests menopause?
Level greater than 30.
Give 3 clinical features of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.
Depression. Osteoporosis. Headaches. Cardiovascular disease. Nausea. Coronary artery disease.
Give 2 treatments used to treat Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.
Hormone replacement therapy e.g. hormones or contraceptive patches releasing hormones. Fertility treatment. Psychological support.
Is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency a sex linked inheritance disorder?
Yes. X-linked dominant - more than 200 CGG repeats.
