Fetal Growth and Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of embryology development?
Stage 1 is hyperplasia (enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells) - 4-20 weeks. Stage 2 is hyperplasia and hypertrophy (reduced mitosis but increase in cell size) - 20-28 weeks. Stage 3 hypertrophy (rapid increase in cell size and accumulation of fat, muscle and connective tissue).
What two things are assessed during the first trimester?
The viability (single fetus or multiple). Measurement of the crown-rump length (CRL) (top of head to bottom of buttocks).
What are 4 measurements taken for fetal growth?
Head circumference, bi-parietal diameter, abdominal circumference, femur length. All used to estimate fetal weight.
What does SFH stand for?
Symphysial fundial height. Measurement from top of uterus to symphysis.
What 3 things are measured if there are concerns about a babies growth?
Biometry e.g. head circumference. Amniotic fluid index (fluid around the baby which is pee, indicates kidneys working well). Umbilical artery doppler.
List 3 complications of fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Stillbirths, seizures, acidic cord, hypothermia.
List 3 complications when a fetus is large for gestational age (LGA).
Fetus - shoulder dystonia (babies shoulder stuck behind mother’s pubic bone), hypoglycemic baby. Mother - perineal tear, caesarean section, postpartum haemorrhage.
Define marcosomia.
A new born is larger than average (>4kg).
When is the first ultrasound carried out?
12 weeks from LMP. Used to check for viability and measure the crown-rump length.
When is the second ultrasound carried out?
18-20 weeks. Used to assess fetal growth, fetal anomalies and placental site.
What is the first ultrasound used for?
Used to check for viability and measure the crown-rump length.
What is the second ultrasound used for?
Used to assess fetal growth, fetal anomalies and placental site.
