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Neuroanatomy > Meninges and Ventricular System > Flashcards

Meninges and Ventricular System Flashcards

1
Q

meninges

A

connective tissue, envelop the brain and spinal cord, function to protect the brain and keep it from collapsing under its own weight (CSF)

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2
Q

meningeal layers

A

1) dura mater - outer layer, thick
2) arachnoid mater - delicate, subarachnoid space filled with CSF
3) pia mater - very thin layer adherent to CNS

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3
Q

dura mater

A

dense, collagenous CT

two layers:
1) periosteal layer - outer layer
2) meningeal layer - inner layer

usually no space between layers except at venous sinuses

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4
Q

dural septa

A

inner dura folds onto itself, partially separates compartments of the brain

1) falx cerebri
2) tentorium cerebelli
3) falx cerebelli
4) diaphragma sellae

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5
Q

falx cerebri

A

separate cerebral hemispheres

  • occupies longitudinal fissure
  • runs from ethmoid bone to internal occipital protuberance
  • fuses with tentorium cerebelli
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6
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum

  • attached to falx cerebri, occipital bone, petrous temporal bone
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7
Q

blood supply of dura

A

meningeal arteries: run in the periosteal layer, supply the bones of the skull
- injury leads to epidural hematoma

meningeal veins: generally parallel arteries
- injury leads to subdural hematoma

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8
Q

blood supply to lateral surface of dura mater

A

middle meningeal artery

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9
Q

blood supply to anterior surface of dura mater

A

ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

blood supply to posterior surface of dura mater

A

branches of occipital and vertebral

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11
Q

dura mater nerves

A

trigeminal nerve - most of dura (except posterior fossa)
- near meningeal arteries pain is localized
- near venous sinus pain is referred to eyes, temple, forehead

vagus nerve - posterior fossa
- pain is referred behind the ear or back of neck

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12
Q

arachnoid mater

A

loose CT, avascular

1) outer layer that attaches to dura
2) arachnoid trabeculae

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13
Q

arachnoid trabeculae

A

attach to and merge with pia mater, keep brain suspended within meninges

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14
Q

arachnoid functions

A

1) connect pia to dura
2) act as a barrier between dura and CSF
3) bring CSF to venous system
4) bridge over irregular surfaces forming cisterns in the subarachnoid space

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15
Q

arachnoid villi

A

act as valve for CSF entering venous system - transport CSF to dural sinuses

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16
Q

subarachnoid cisterns

A

1) cisterna magna
2) superior cistern
3) chiasmatic cistern
4) pontine cistern
5) interpeduncular cistern
6) ambient cistern

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17
Q

cisterna magna

A

aka cerebellomedullary cistern, largest cistern

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18
Q

superior cistern

A

deep in transverse cerebral fissure

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19
Q

chiasmatic cistern

A

below optic chiasm

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20
Q

pontine cistern

A

ant. to pons and medulla

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21
Q

interpeduncular cistern

A

between cerebral peduncles, ant. to midbrain

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22
Q

ambient cistern

A

on lateral sides of midbrain, connects superior cistern to interpeduncular cistern

23
Q

pia mater

A

very delicate, loose CT, follows contours of brain, blood vessels within subarachnoid space are held tighly to pia by CT

24
Q

blood brain barrier (BBB)

A

keeps substances injected into the bloodstream from reaching/affecting the brain

25
true BBB
tight junctions between endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries (blood vessel walls)
26
other BBBs
tight junctions of other cells generalized as BBBs choroid epithelium (blood CSF barrier; BCSFB) arachnoid barrier
27
function of true BBB
selective barrier - lipid-soluble substances can diffuse across - glucose can cross via facilitated diffusion - active transport of other substances keeps out microbes but also keeps out treatments for brain infections
28
circumventricular organs (CVOs)
- cerebral capillaries are fenestrated, free mixing of brain ECF and blood - found in walls of third and fourth ventricles
29
tanycytes
specialized ependymal cells that cover the CVOs, in contact with CSF
30
functions of CVOs
1) secrete hormones 2) sense blood-borne signals
31
hormone secretion by CVOs
- neuroendocrine (median eminence, post. pituitary) - circadian rhythm (pineal gland)
32
sensing blood-borne signals - CVOs
- fluid balance (subfornical organ, vascular organ of lateral terminalis) - toxins in blood (area postrema)
33
lateral ventricle derived from?
telencephalon
34
third ventricle derived from?
diencephalon
35
cerebral aqueduct derived from?
mesencephalon
36
fourth ventricle derived from?
metencephalon and myelencephalon
37
central canal derived from?
myelencephalon
38
CSF pathway
1) lateral ventricles 2) formaen of Monroe 3) third ventricle 4) cerebral aqueduct 5) fourth ventricle 6) foramen of Magendie/foramena of Luschka 7) central canal or around brain 8) joins venous system (through arachnoid villi)
39
lateral ventricles
largest, in cerebral hemispheres, C-shaped, ends at interventricular foramen
40
horns of lateral ventricles
1) body (parietal) 2) inferior horn (temporal) 3) posterior horn (occipital) 4) anterior horn (frontal)
41
third ventricle
midline, slit between thalami, thalamus and hypothalamus form most of walls
42
recesses of third ventricle
1) optic recess - next to optic chiasm 2) infundibular recess - next to infundibular stalk 3) pineal recess - next to pineal gland 4) suprapineal recess - above pineal gland
43
fourth ventricle
part of pons and medulla form floor, superior and inferior medullary velum form peaked roof - superior: cerebellum - inferior: choroid plexus membrane
44
apertures of fourth ventricle
apertures communicate with subarachnoid cisterns - 2 lateral apertures (foramena of Luschka) - median aperture (foramen of Magendie)
45
choroid plexus
site of CSF production, consists of choiroid epithelium + pia + capillary complex
46
choroid epithelium
- filters ions, proteins from the blood and secretes CSF into ventricle - tight junctions - continuous with ependymal cells
47
ependymal cells
no tight junctions, thought to direct CSF flow - cilia are aligned rostral to caudal in lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles
48
choroid plexus locations
- in the C of lateral ventricle (none in ant. or post. horns) - interventricular foramen - in roof of third ventricle - IMV of fourth ventricle
49
plexus
interface between ventricles and subarachnoid space - subarachnoid spaces are invaginated by choroid plexi
50
choroid fissure
invagination in lateral ventricle
51
transverse cerebral fissure
finger of subarachnoid space
52
hydrocephalus
too much CSF, increase in CSF pressure causing ventricles to expand remedy by using shunts
53
three types of hydrocephalus
1) blockage of CSF circulation - tumour growth obstucts foramen/aqueduct 2) too much CSF production - tumour of choroid plexus (papillomas) 3) too little CSF reabsorption - subarachnoid bleeding clogs arachnoid villi
54

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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