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Neuroanatomy > Cerebral cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral cortex Flashcards

Lecture 5

1
Q

telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere)

A

1) cerebral cortex
2) basal ganglia
3) hippocampus and amygdala

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2
Q

lobes of cerebral cortex

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic, insula

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3
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, pineal gland

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4
Q

brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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5
Q

central sulcus

A

separates pre-central and post-central gyrus

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6
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

separates parietal and occipital lobes

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7
Q

lateral fissure

A

separates frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

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8
Q

cingulate sulcus

A

limbic lobe is below (cingulate gyrus)

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9
Q

callosal sulcus

A

separates corpus callosum from cingulate gyrus

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10
Q

calcarine fissure

A

separates upper and lower visual field information, in occipital lobe

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11
Q

circular sulcus

A

traces around insula

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12
Q

longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

separates hte left and right lobes of the brain sagittally

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13
Q

transverse cerebral fissure

A

separates cerebrum from cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem

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14
Q

Neocortex layer I

A

molecular layer
- horizontally arranged fibers
- input/output: dendrites and axons from other layers

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15
Q

Neocortex layer II

A

external granular layer
- mostly interneurons, some pyramidal cells
- input/output: cortical-cortical connections

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16
Q

Neocortex layer III

A

external pyramidal layer
- mostly pyramidal cells, association axons
- input/output: cortical-cortical connections

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17
Q

Neocortex V

A

internal pyramidal layer
- mostly large pyramidal cells including Betz cells in primary motor cortex
- input/ouput: subcortical structures other than thalamus

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18
Q

Neocortex layer VI

A

multiform layer
- mixture of cells, axons project to thalamus
- output: thalamus

18
Q

Neocortex layer IV

A

internal granular layer
- mostly stellate cells, some pyramidal cells
- input: thalamus

19
Q

association fibers

A

fibers that stay in the same region of the brain (stay within cerebrum)

20
Q

pyramidal cells

A
  • most numerous neurons in neocortex
  • soma is pyramid shaped (apex, base)
  • excitatory
  • Betz cells are a subtype of pyramidal cells only found in primary motor area of frontal lobe
  • fusiform-shaped pyramidal cells have an elongated soma and project to the thalamus
20
Q

non-pyramidal cells

A

1) basket
- stellate in shape, axons run horizontally
- inhibitory (GABA)
2) horizontal cells
- only in layer I, axons run horizontally
- inhibitory (GABA)
3) stellate or granular cells
- interneuron, multiple processes
- excitatory

21
Q

projection fibers

A

fibers that go to other regions of the brain or nervous system (CNS)

  • cortical info via the internal capsule
  • thalamocortical (IV) and corticothalamic fibers (VI)
22
Q

commisural fibers

A

fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres

  • corpus callosum: permits transfer of info between hemispheres
  • anterior and posterior commissure
23
Q

boundaries of frontal lobe

A
  • in front of central sulcus
  • above lateral sulcus/fissure
  • external to cingulate sulcus
24
Q

gyri of frontal lobe

A
  • precentral gyrus
  • superior frontal gyrus
  • middle frontal gyrus
  • inferior frontal gyrus
  • anterior paracentral lobule
  • gyrus rectus
  • orbital gyri
25
Q

boundaries of parietal lobe

A
  • behind central sulcus
  • above lateral sulcus/fissure
  • in front of parieto-occipital sulcus
  • external to cingulate sulcus
26
Q

gyri of parietal lobe

A
  • postcentral gyrus
  • superior parietal lobule
  • inferior parietal gyrus (supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus)
  • intraparietal gyrus
  • precuneus
  • posterior paracentral lobule (extension of postcentral gyrus)
27
Q

boundary of occipital lobe

A
  • behind occipito-parietal sulcus
28
Q

gyri of occipital lobe

A
  • lateral occipital gyri
  • cuneus
  • lingual gyrus
  • occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus
29
Q

boundaries of temporal lobe

A
  • below lateral sulcus/fissure
  • in front of parieto-occipital sulcus
  • below cingulate sulcus
30
Q

gyri of temporal lobe

A
  • superior temporal gyrus
  • middle temporal gyrus
  • inferior temporal gyrus
  • occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus
  • lingual gyrusb
31
Q

boundary of limbic lobe

A

callosal sulcus to cingulate sulcus

32
Q

gyri of limbic lobe

A
  • cingulate gyrus
  • parahippocampal gyrus (uncus)
  • paraterminal gyrus
  • subcallosal area
33
Q

primary cortices

A

areas of the cortex most directly linked to the rest of the world

34
Q

association cortices

A

areas adjacent to primary areas

35
Q

frontal lobe functional areas

A
  • primary motor cortex
  • premotor cortex
  • supplementary motor cortex
  • Broca’s area (speech)
  • prefrontal cortex
36
Q

primary motor cortex

A
  • motor movement
  • input: premotor area, somatosensory areas, VL thalamus
  • output: pyramidal system
  • precentral gyrus
37
Q

premotor cortex

A
  • anterior to primary motor cortex
  • planning/intention of movement
  • input: cortical areas, VL thalamus
  • ouput: primary motor cortex, pyramidal system
38
Q

supplementary motor area

A
  • control of complex movements which require temporal organization
  • input: many cortical areas, VL thalamus
  • output: primary motor cortex, pyramidal system, reticular formation in brainstem
39
Q

frontal eye fields

A
  • voluntary eye movements (saccades)
  • input: othoer eye fields
  • output: PPRF
40
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • decision making, working memory, personality
  • input: widespread cortex, DM thalamus
  • output: widespread
41
Q

parietal lobe functional areas

A
  • primary sensory cortex
  • comprehension of language areas
  • spatial orientation and attention areas
42
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • postcentral gyrus

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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