Blood to the Brain Flashcards
brachiocephalic artery
branches into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
branches into right vertebral artery
right common carotid artery
branches into internal carotid and external carotid
left common carotid artery
branches into internal and external carotid
left subclavian artery
branches into left vertebral artery
normal blood flow
approx. 50 ml/100g/min
- neurons cease firing at 20 ml/100g/min
- neuronal necrosis occurs at 10 ml/100g/min
two systems going to the brain
vertebral (20%) and internal carotid (80%)
vertebral system
supplies posterior regions
- brainstem and cerebellum
- parts of diencephalon
- spinal cord
- parts of temporal and occipital lobes
internal carotid system
supplies anterior regions
- most of telencephalon
- most of diencephalon
major branches of vertebral-basilar
1) posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA)
2) anterior inferior cerebellar a. (AICA)
3) superior cerebellar a. (SCA)
4) posterior cerebral a. (PCA)
major branches of internal carotid
1) middle cerebral a. (MCA)
2) anterior cerebral a. (ACA)
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
supplies superior surface of cerebellum, pons (rostral)
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
supplies anterior and inferior surface of cerebellum, pons (caudal)
posterior inferior cerebellar arter (PICA)
supplies posterior and inferior cerebellum, bends around brainstem and supplies lateral medulla and choroid plexus
anterior communicating artery (ACoA)
connects anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
posterior communicating artery (PCoA)
connects middle cerebral artery (MCA) to vertebrobasilar system
anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
supplies medial cortex - some of parietal and frontal
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
supplies lateral cortex - temporal, parietal, frontal
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
supplies medial cortex - some of temporal, occipital
circle of Willis
1) PCA
2) PCoA
3) ACA
4) ACoA
junction of circle of Willis
internal carotid artery and vertebral-basilar systems
1) internal carotid
2) MCA
3) ACA
4) PCoA
blood supply to midbrain
PCA, SCA, basilar
blood supply to pons
AICA, basilar
blood supply to medulla
PICA, vertebral
blood supply to spinal cord
ant. and post. spinal arteries
- ant. (1): 2/3 of spinal cord
- post. (2): 1/3 of spinal cord
perforating arteries
small branches off of major arteries that go to internal structures of the brain
ACoA perforating arteries
anteromedial group
MCA perforating arteries
lateral striate group
PCA perforating arteries
posteriomedial group and posterolateral group
blood supply to internal capsule
MCAp, ACAp
blood supply to thalamus
PCAp
blood supply to substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus
PCAp, PCoAp
blood supply to lentiform nucleus
ant. choroidal, MCAp
blood supply to nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus
ACAp
visual pathway structures
1) optic nerve
2) optic chiasma
3) optic tract
4) lateral geniculate body (LGB)
5) optic radiations
6) visual cortex
blood supply to optic nerve
main: ophthalmic artery (off of internal carotid artery)
other: ant. cerebral artery (ACA)
blood supply to optic chiasma
main: ant. cerebral artery (ACA), internal carotid rami
other: ant. choroidal artery and post. communicating artery (PCoA)
blood supply to optic tract
ant. choroidal artery and post. communicating artery (PCoA)
blood supply to lateral geniculate body
ant. choroidal artery and post. choroidal artery (branch of PCA)
blood supply to optic radiations
ant. choroidal artery, deep branches of PCA, deep optic artery (deep branch of MCA)
blood supply to visual cortex
PCA, MCA
venous drainage of the brain
occurs through a system of cerebral veins that empty into dural venous sinuses
superior superficial veins
1) superior sagittal sinus → transverse sinus → sigmoid sinus → internal jugular vein
2) inferior sagittal sinus → straight sinus → transverse sinus (other) → sigmoid sinus → internal jugular vein
inferior superficial veins
1) transverse sinus → sigmoid sinus → internal jugular vein
2) cavernous sinus → superior petrosal sinus → sigmoid sinus → internal jugular vein
3) cavernous sinus → inferior petrosal sinus → internal jugular vein
deep veins
1) great cerebral vein → straight sinus → transverse sinus → sigmoid sinus → internal jugular vein
2) cavernous sinus → pterygoid plexus → internal or external jugular vein → superior vena cava
