Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

The “Father” of Genetics

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Who was Mendel?

Answer 2

Monk
Later an Abbot after his work was ignored by the scientific community
Beekeeper
Meterologists
Physicists
Biologist
Mathematician
Theologian
Most of the work between 1853-1856
Breeding experiments took several years just to get enough homozygous plants in order to breed

Question 3

What is the The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?

Answer 3

The chromosomal theory of inheritance is the idea that genes, the units of heredity, are physical in the chromosomes
Chromosome are seen in all dividing cells and are passed from generation to generation

Question 4

How are Chromosomes Arranged

Answer 4

One homologous of any pair is derived from one parent and its partner from the other parent

Question 5

How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes are in the human genome??

Answer 5

22

Question 6

How many pairs of sex chromosomes are there?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Chromosomal number of a Garden Pea

Answer 7

2n 14
n=7

Question 8

Define Genes

Answer 8

Unit of DNA that transmits genetic information. Codes for a specific protein that will play a structural of functional role in the sell

Question 9

Define Genotypes

Answer 9

sets of alleles that are present for the type.

Question 10

Define phenotypes

Answer 10

Observable physical traits produced by the actions of one or more gene-encoded proteins

Question 11

How is the F2- Second filial generation obtained?

Answer 11

obtained by inbreeding the F1 generation

Question 12

What forms Alleles:

Answer 12

Mutation
The formation of different alleles is due to errors in DNA replication and can occur in mitosis or meiosis
Can be passed on if it occurs in a germ cell
Usually result in some sort of altered protein
Usually not lethal

Question 13

Define recessive

Answer 13

the trait not expressed where the dominant form of the trait is present

Question 14

Define dominant

Answer 14

the expressed form of the trait when present ( even if it just 1 allele)

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

both alleles are identifical

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

two different alleles are non-identical

Question 17

What are Mendel’s ratios:

Answer 17

3:1

Question 18

What is Laws of Dominance

Answer 18

F1 generation always showed the dominant trait

Question 19

What is a Monohybrid crosses

Answer 19

Mating two of any individual with a variant in any one trait
F2- 3:1 ratio

Question 20

What’s Mendel’s Recurring Ratios

Answer 20

F2 generation ratio was consistent

Question 21

What’s Dihybrid

Answer 21

looks at two traits at one time
Ratio 9:3:3:1

Question 22

What is Segregation

Answer 22

During meiosis, alleles segregate
Homologous chromosomes separate
Each allele for a trait is packaged into a separate gamete

Question 23

What is Independent Assortment

Answer 23

Alleles for 1 trait sort into gametes independently of the alleles for a 2nd trait

Question 24

Who is credited with first proposing the chrome theory of inheritance

Answer 24

Walter Sutton

Question 25

What is Gene Linkage

Answer 25

is the tendency of alleles that ae close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction
Violates Mendel’s law of independent assortment

Question 26

_________ violates Mendel’s law on dominance

Answer 26

Incomplete dominance

Question 27

_________occurs when both characteristics are expressed

Answer 27

Codominance

Question 28

What is Pleitrophy

Answer 28

one allele can have an effect on more than one trait
eg Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 29

What is Epistasis

Answer 29

One allele can influence the expression of a different allele