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Bio chem > mendelian genetics > Flashcards

mendelian genetics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main types of mendelian genetics

A

complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex linked traits, multiple alleles

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2
Q

what is complete dominance

A

when the dominant gene takes over (cancels out) the recessive gene

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3
Q

what is incomplete dominance

A

when the two genes cross and create a blend of the phenotypes

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4
Q

what is codominance

A

when both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed, example spots, stripes, flower petal colors, sickle cell anemia

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5
Q

what is sex linked traits

A

charecteristics determinidn by genes located on the sex chromosomes.

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6
Q

what is multiple alleles

A

multiple alleles refers to a situation where a gene has more than two alleles for a trait.

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7
Q

what is homozygous

A

when both alleles are the same either dominant or reccesive

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8
Q

what is heterozygous

A

when there’s two different alleles either Pp or pP

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9
Q

what is the foil method

A

a method used to multiply genotypes to create a punnent square

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10
Q

what does the letters in FOIL stand for

A

first, outer, inner, last

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11
Q

who created mendelian genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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12
Q

what are reccesive traits

A

traits that can skip a generation

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13
Q

what are dominant traits

A

traits that don’t skip a generation

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14
Q

what’s the p1 generation

A

when u cross the same allelles
RRxRR

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15
Q

whats the F1 generation

A

when u cross contrasting typed of alles
RRxWW

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16
Q

what’s the f2 generation

A

RWxRW

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17
Q

what is epistasis

A

an effect of when one gene at one locus can mask or modify the expression of another gene.

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18
Q

what is pleiotrophy

A

when one gene affects multiple seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. like a tissue gene that causes red hair and long toes examples- sickle cell anemia, albinism

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19
Q

what is polygenic traits

A

the control of a trait by more than one gene often resulting in a lot of possible phenotypes.

20
Q

what is epigenetics

A

the study of changes in gene expression without actually changing the gene DNA. think likehow nature and a persons enviroment.

21
Q

who was Charles darwin

A

proposed the idea of evoulution

22
Q

what is an allele

A

alternating forms of a gene one from mom one from dad

23
Q

what’s the blending theory assosciated with

A

incomplete dominance

24
Q

what is codominance assosciated with

A

roan cattle with thetre hair, sickle cell anemia

25
Q

true or false dominant traits are more common than reccesive

A

false

26
Q

why is it more common for males to have colorblindness

A

because they only have to have it on one allele Wich is more common

27
Q

what does the p generation mean

A

purebred

28
Q

what is codominiance

A

both traits are expressed in a phenotype

29
Q

is a chromosome a form of dna

A

yes

30
Q

what does the foil method (creating the most combinations of a genotype) symbolize

A

meiosis

31
Q

what is meiosis

A

creating diversity in sex chromosomes

32
Q

what are homologous pairs

A

2 pairs of chromosomes with the same genes butt different alleles that code for the same trait

33
Q

what are chromosones 1-22 called

A

autosomes

34
Q

what are chromsones 23 called

A

sex chromosomes

35
Q

what’s a 2n cell

A

a diploid cell has a full 46 chromosones

36
Q

what’s an n cell

A

a haploid cell has 23 chromosone

37
Q

what’s a zygote

A

a diploid cell thats a fertilized egg

38
Q

how many letters are in a gene

A

2

39
Q

how many letters is an allele

A

1

40
Q

what does polygenic mean

A

multiple genes for 1 trait

41
Q

what is epistasis

A

when one gene covers up another gene next to it

42
Q

what are epigenetics

A

things that determine your nature outside of ur genetics

43
Q

what’s dihybrid genetics mean

A

heterozygous for both traits

44
Q

what’s hybrid mean

A

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. aka heterozygous

45
Q

what is incomplete dominance also known as

A

intermediate inheritance7

Bio chem (8 decks)

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