mendelian genetics Flashcards
what are the main types of mendelian genetics
complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex linked traits, multiple alleles
what is complete dominance
when the dominant gene takes over (cancels out) the recessive gene
what is incomplete dominance
when the two genes cross and create a blend of the phenotypes
what is codominance
when both alleles in a heterozygous individual are fully expressed, example spots, stripes, flower petal colors, sickle cell anemia
what is sex linked traits
charecteristics determinidn by genes located on the sex chromosomes.
what is multiple alleles
multiple alleles refers to a situation where a gene has more than two alleles for a trait.
what is homozygous
when both alleles are the same either dominant or reccesive
what is heterozygous
when there’s two different alleles either Pp or pP
what is the foil method
a method used to multiply genotypes to create a punnent square
what does the letters in FOIL stand for
first, outer, inner, last
who created mendelian genetics
Gregor Mendel
what are reccesive traits
traits that can skip a generation
what are dominant traits
traits that don’t skip a generation
what’s the p1 generation
when u cross the same allelles
RRxRR
whats the F1 generation
when u cross contrasting typed of alles
RRxWW
what’s the f2 generation
RWxRW
what is epistasis
an effect of when one gene at one locus can mask or modify the expression of another gene.
what is pleiotrophy
when one gene affects multiple seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. like a tissue gene that causes red hair and long toes examples- sickle cell anemia, albinism
what is polygenic traits
the control of a trait by more than one gene often resulting in a lot of possible phenotypes.
what is epigenetics
the study of changes in gene expression without actually changing the gene DNA. think likehow nature and a persons enviroment.
who was Charles darwin
proposed the idea of evoulution
what is an allele
alternating forms of a gene one from mom one from dad
what’s the blending theory assosciated with
incomplete dominance
what is codominance assosciated with
roan cattle with thetre hair, sickle cell anemia
true or false dominant traits are more common than reccesive
false
why is it more common for males to have colorblindness
because they only have to have it on one allele Wich is more common
what does the p generation mean
purebred
what is codominiance
both traits are expressed in a phenotype
is a chromosome a form of dna
yes
what does the foil method (creating the most combinations of a genotype) symbolize
meiosis
what is meiosis
creating diversity in sex chromosomes
what are homologous pairs
2 pairs of chromosomes with the same genes butt different alleles that code for the same trait
what are chromosones 1-22 called
autosomes
what are chromsones 23 called
sex chromosomes
what’s a 2n cell
a diploid cell has a full 46 chromosones
what’s an n cell
a haploid cell has 23 chromosone
what’s a zygote
a diploid cell thats a fertilized egg
how many letters are in a gene
2
how many letters is an allele
1
what does polygenic mean
multiple genes for 1 trait
what is epistasis
when one gene covers up another gene next to it
what are epigenetics
things that determine your nature outside of ur genetics
what’s dihybrid genetics mean
heterozygous for both traits
what’s hybrid mean
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. aka heterozygous
what is incomplete dominance also known as
intermediate inheritance7
