human systems Flashcards
what is negative feedback
a process in Wich a system repsons to a change by reacting and returning it to homeostasis.
what is positive feedback
positive feedback is a system where a change in a system causes a change in another system resulting in an ultimate increase.
what’s a example of negative feedback in the circulatory system
regulation of blood pressure, when blood pressure increases so the brain sends signals to the heart to slow down and the blood vessels widen resulting in normal blood pressure.
what’s an example of negative feedback in the endocrine system
when blood sugar rises and the pancrease releases insulin to help absorb the glucose and regulate blood sugar levels
what’s a example of positive feedback in the endocrine system
during childbirth contractions release oxytocin Wich make the cramps worse until the child is born
what’s an example of positive feedback for the integumentary system
when the skin is injured, platelets in the blood stick to the wound and release chemicals that attract more platelets. This continues until a blood clot forms to stop the bleeding.
what is a response
what u do as a response to stimulus
what is a stimulus
something that triggers reaction
what is receptor
body parts that receives stimulus
what is the effector
muscles that are used as a effect of the response
what does cerbrum do
is used to interpret situations and decide what to do in them
role of cerebellum
so trolls intentinal movements, moves muscles
role of medulla
involuntary actions, heart beating, blinking, breathing
what is the role of spinal cord
sends messages to muscles, sends messages to
what is a simple reflex
automatic response to a stimulus that doesn’t involve thinking. doesn’t involve the cerebellum or cerebrum
what is the simple reflex pathway
- a sensory receptor detects a stimulus
- the sensory neuron carries the signal from the receptor to spinal cord,
- in the spinal cord the signal is transfered to an interneuron
- he interneuron passes the signal to a motor nueron
5.the motor nueron sends the signal to the muscle causing it to contract and move
what pathway do neurons travel in
s- sensory
i- internuerons
m- motornuerons
what is a steroid hormone
a class of hormones that are derived from cholestroal. they produce protiens and are made in the ovaries and testes
what are peptide hormones
hormones made up of amino acids
how do steroid hormones work
they enter the body, they dont attach to the receptors they enter the cell immediately instead and attach to DNA to preform protien synthesis and produce specific proties
how do peptide hormones work
made up of amino acids, they bind to cell receptors, then they begin cAMP, cAMP leads to cellular response such as altering gene expression and cell growth
what is an example of how peptide hormones work
when blood sugars rise after eating insulin is released Wich is a peptide hormone. insulin travels through the blood to reach target cells, it binds receptors on these cells to enter and this activates signaling pathways (cAMP) the signals cause the cells to take up glucose and store it as glycogen lowering blood sugar
what is an example of how steroid hormones work
cortisol, cortisol is released in response to stress or other factors, cortisol travels through the bloodstream to reach target cells, cortisol easily enters the cell and binds to receptors Wich attach it to DNA and start the process of protien synthesis, this all leads to various cellular responses such as increasing blood glucose levels to manage stress
