mendelen genetics Flashcards
heredity
inheritance; transmission of traits from parents to offspring
trait
any characteristic of an individual, ranging from physical
appearance (e.g. height, freckles) to molecular characteristics such as the ability to produce an enzyme
self pollination
deposition of pollen grains from a flower to the stigma of
the same flower
cross pollination
deposition of pollen grains from a flower to the stigma of another flower
phenotype
an observable characteristic (trait) of an organism
monohybrid cross
mating (cross) between two purebred organisms, each carrying a variation of a single trait
blending inheritance
traits observed in a mother and father blend together to form traits in their offspring; Offspring’s traits are intermediates between mother and father’s traits
reciprocal cross
a set of crosses where the sex of the parent showing
the particular trait is interchanged
Mendel’s hypothesis of particular inheritance
- Hereditary determinants of traits do not blend together or become modified with use
- Hereditary determinants maintain their integrity from generation to generation
- They act as discrete or unchanging particles
allele
one of two or more versions of DNA sequence at a given
genomic location
dominant allele
only needs one copy to express the trait
recessive allele
needs 2 copies to express the trait
genotype
combination of alleles in an individual
homozygous
two identical alleles for a particular gene
homozygote
organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene
