fungi Flashcards
What is a lichen
- organism between a phototroph and a fungus
What are the various forms of lichens
Crustose, Foliose, Fruticose
How are lichens important to the ecosystem
they can indicate environmental quality and initiate soil formation
How are fungi involved in ecosystems everyday life for humans
- absorb nutrients from organic wastes
- release water, co2, and mineral components of organic compounds, which are recycled
How are fungi involved in everyday life for humans
- beverages
- food
- medicine
- chemicals
- fungal parasites and pathogens (bad)
What is the primary chemical in the cell walls of fungi and plants?
chitin
How do we distinguish algae from land plants?
algae is aquatic
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
- most closely related to ancestral fungi
- only fungi with flagellated spores
- life cycle has both haploid and diploid multicellular stages
ZYGOMYCOTA
- bread mold and a few human pathogens
- coenocytic except when reproducing
- reproduce via zygosporangia
coenocytic
no cross walls, multinucleated hyphae
GLOMEROMYCOTA
- tiny group of monophyletic fungi
- form intracellular associations with plant roots
- asexual
MYCORRIZAE
- decomposes organic material in soil
- benefits plants by increasing their absorptive surface area
- roots supply fungus with sugar, amino acid, and other organics materials
ASCOMYCOTA
- spores are produced in a sack called an ascus
- hyphae usually have septa, but cytoplasm is continuous
- yeast, blue cheese
penicillium, aspergillus
asexual ascomycota
Life cycle of a ascomycete
- gametes fuse
- asci develop
- asci are incorporated into an ascocarp
BASIDIOMYCOTA
- mushrooms, puffballs
- basidiospore reproduction
what is the phototrophic component of a lichen
green algae or cyanobacteria
what is the fungi component of a lichen
ascomycete
how do fungi reproduce
- Spores germinate into hyphae, forming a network called mycelium.
- (Plasmogamy) Two compatible hyphae fuse their cytoplasm, creating a dikaryotic (n + n) state.
- (Dikaryotic Mycelium) growing and developing specialized structures
- (Karyogy diploid-2n) Eventually, the two nuclei fuse in a process called karyogamy, forming a diploid nucleus (2n).
- meiosis occurs
