Memory Pt.1 Flashcards
an episodic memory
Recalling what you did for your birthday last year is an example of…
a semantic memory
Understanding the difference betwen a cat and a mouse is an example of…
a procedural memory
Riding a bike is an example of…
-Episodic + working memory impaired
-Semantic + procedural memory intact
-This supports the idea that there are different types of memory that engage different brain systems
What were the findings from the case of Clive Wearing?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
Three stages of memory
-Have to make sure our memory is distinct from previous memories
- break apart specific memory into pattern (encoding)
- store it as that pattern - memory not stored as a unit (storage)
- one of the units reactivated the memory- pattern recognition (retrieval)
Memory as patterns
-Important for memory
-Glues components into pattern
The hippocampus and memory
The multi-store model : Memory as systems
- Sensory memory
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
Sensory Memory
-Automatic reflections of a sense
-Gustatory memory
-Olfactory memory
-Echoic memory
-Echoic memory
-Haptic memory
-Iconic memory
Iconic memory: Afterimages
Helpful for seeing things smoothly
-We see 75 frames/second
-Movies are 24 frames/second
-View movies as a smooth event
-Your afterimage is filling in gaps
Positive afterimage
A visual memory that represents the perceived image in the same colours
Negative afterimage
I visual memory is the (colour) inverse of the perceived image
-Slightly longer than positive afterimage (few seconds)
Sensory memory is short but large
How long does sensory memory last?
Whole report
People would remember 4-5 items
Partial Report
People did very well
Short term memory
Attended information moves from sensory to…
-Limited time capacity 20-30 seconds
-Limited capacity 7 +/- 2
Primacy Effect
-You will remember first names on a list the best
-First names being rehearsed more
-Rehearsal in short term memory makes a long term memory
Recency Effects
You will remember last names on a list the most
Barb! Right in the middle
At a restaurant, a server took Billy, Barb and then Linda’s order, but didn’t write these orders down! Which person’s order is the server most likely to forget?
Chunking strategy
Grouping items together in a meaningful way
The Chunking Effect
-Chunking increases with knowledge
-Expert chess players recall more pieces on a chess board than new chess players
-This effect is not present if the pieces are on the board randomly
Working Memory
Retention and manipulation of information not in our environment
-Essential for many cognitive functions
1. Central Executive
2. The Phonological Loop
3. Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
4. Episodic Buffer
Central Executive
Conscious awareness of information
The Phonological Loop
-Phonological Store
-Articulatory Control Loop