Memory practice tests Flashcards
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
memory
An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
Long-term potentiation
the encoding of meaning
semantic
The standard information-processing 3-stage model of memory is also known as the _______________ model
the Atkin-Shiffrin
Which of the following is NOT a technique that will improve retention of memory?
cannabis consumption
Iconic and echoic both refer to
sensory memory
A type of explicit memory that includes past personal experiences is called ____________________ memory.
episodic
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
retrieval
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
echoic memory
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.
rehearsal
Primacy and recency are both examples of
serial position effects
Recall, recognition and relearning all demonstrate
retrieval
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory.)
explicit memory
The linear order from the left to right of these memory words in the standard information-processing model:
encoding, storage, retrieval.
Procedural memory, priming and classical conditioning are all forms of
implicit memories
Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?
cerebellum
The case of musician Clive Wearing, unable to encode new memories due to brain damage from infection illustrates the link between _____________ and _____________
amnesia; parallel processing
When we are tested immediately after viewing a list of words, we tend to recall the first and last items best, which is known as the ___________________effect.
serial position
Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that
both stress and emotion make events more memorable.
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s emotional state when the memory was formed is known as
mood-congruent memory
Changes resulting from memory formation that affect neural connections are most closely associated with
Ahmed has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat that he sits in during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. If he is properly prepared for each exam, then _______________- may explain his difference in scores.
context effects
The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response.
priming
___________________increases the nerve cells’ firing potential at the synapse.
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells “the man with the blue shirt did it.” Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
suggestibility
Mr. Brown is learning a new classical guitar piece in the key of A minor. Every time he gets to the second section of the piece, he finds himself playing the second section of another piece in A minor that he learned two months ago. This is a “classic” example of
proactive interference
Elizabeth Loftus’ research demonstrated that subjects will replace details from memories with ones that have been suggested to them by researcher’s questions using loaded words. For instance, they might remember a car accident as being much worse than what they witness if the word “crash” is used instead of “accident.” This is an example of
the misinformation effect
________________ and ________________ are more susceptible to the misinformation affect.
children; the elderly
Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?
The eerie sense that you have experienced something before, often because of unconscious memories cued by a current experience.
deja vu
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. But most memory researchers think _______________rarely, if ever, occurs.
repression
