8.2 and 8.3 remake

Question 1

The case of musician Clive Wearing, unable to encode new memories due to brain damage from infection illustrates the link between _____________ and _____________

Answer 1

episodic memory; the hippocampus

Question 2

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Answer 2

cerebellum

Question 3

___________________increases the nerve cells’ firing potential at the synapse.

Answer 3

Long-term potentiation

Question 4

Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that

Answer 4

both stress and emotion make events more memorable.

Question 5

What does Lashley’s research on rats and the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus were damaged?

Answer 5

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

Question 6

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells “the man with the blue shirt did it.” Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

Answer 6

suggestibility

Question 7

Changes resulting from memory formation that affect neural connections are most closely associated with

Answer 7

working memory

Question 8

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

Answer 8

arousal

Question 9

Epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine are all

Answer 9

neurotransmitters linked to memory

Question 10

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s emotional state when the memory was formed is known as

Answer 10

mood-congruent memory

Question 11

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s emotional state when the memory was formed is known as

Answer 11

mood-congruent memory

Question 12

Alfie walks to the school by the same route every day past the only big buildings in town – the post office, the library, the town hall and the Congregational church. Yet when his mother asks him what buildings he passes, he has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there is a church. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

Answer 12

Encoding failure

Question 13

The eerie sense that you have experienced something before, often because of unconscious memories cued by a current experience.

Answer 13

deja vu

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Answer 14

Muhammad can remember most of his past, but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

Question 15

Elizabeth Loftus’ research demonstrated that subjects will replace details from memories with ones that have been suggested to them by researcher’s questions using loaded words. For instance, they might remember a car accident as being much worse than what they witness if the word “crash” is used instead of “accident.” This is an example of

Answer 15

the misinformation effect

Question 16

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. But most memory researchers think _______________rarely, if ever, occurs.

Answer 16

repression

Question 17

________________ and ________________ are more susceptible to the misinformation affect.

Answer 17

children; the elderly

Question 18

Studying repeatedly, making material meaningful, activating retrieval cues, using mnemonic devices, sleeping more, and testing one’s self to retrieve, as well as to recognize learned material are all examples of

Answer 18

proven strategies for improving memory

Question 19

Mr. Brown is learning a new classical guitar piece in the key of A minor. Every time he gets to the second section of the piece, he finds himself playing the second section of another piece in A minor that he learned two months ago. This is a “classic” example of

Answer 19

proactive interference

Question 20

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

Answer 20

A rapid initial decline followed by a leveling off

Question 21

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

Answer 21

retrograde