Memory P1 Flashcards
Finished deck
What is the multi-store memory model?
What are the types of long term memory?
Episodic: Specific personal events.
Semantic: General knowledge about the world, meaning, concepts.
Procedural: Performance learned tasks. (Muscle memory)
What is the working memory model?
First information hits the sensory register, then the central executive. (The central executive is the boss of the working memory model.)
It directs attention to the three slave systems: the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer.
The central executive is responsible for controlled processing in working memory, including but not limited to, directing attention, maintaining task goals, decision making, and memory retrieval.
What does the phonological loop do?
The phonological loop stores a limited number of speech-based sounds for brief periods. It is thought to consist of two components:
What does the visuo-spatial sketchpad do?
The visuo-spatial sketch pad stores visual and spatial information and can be thought of as an inner eye. It is responsible for setting up and manipulating mental images. Like the phonological loop, it has limited capacity but the limits of the two systems are independent.
For example, you could rehearse a set of digits in the phonological loop while simultaneously making decisions about the spatial layout of a set of letters in the visual spatial sketchpad.
What does the episodic buffer do?
Temporary storage space where you can process various bits of information before they are stored in long-term memory or discarded.
The episodic buffer. Is responsible for integrating & manipulating material; it has limited capacity and depends heavily on executive processing. It binds together information from different sources into chunks or episodes. One of it’s important functions is to recall material from LTM & integrate it into STM when working memory requires it (e.g. imagining an elephant ice-skating).
What are the two types of interference theory?
Proactive interference and retroactive theory.
What is proactive interference?
Previously stored information interferes with an attempt to recall something new.
(Forget new)
What is retroactive interference?
Newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously stored information by weakening the earlier associations.
(Forget old)
What are the two types of cue-dependant forgetting?
Context-dependant failure and state-dependant failure
What is context-dependant failure?
Context-dependant failure is:
Trying to recall information in a different external environment to where it was learned.
What is state-dependant failure?
State-dependant failure is:
Trying to recall information with a different internal environment to where it was learned.
What are the factors that can affect the accuracy of eye-witness testimony?
Anxiety and misleading information.
Oue et. al. 2001 studied the effect of anxiety on eye-witness testimony. What were his findings?
Oue et. al. found that participants who were most anxious after viewing emotional events had WORSE recall of details at the periphery of a scene.
Ginet and Verkamt, 2007, studied the effect of anxiety on eye-witness testimony. What were their findings?
Ginet and Verkamt, 2007, found that telling participants fake electrodes would give electric shocks created moderate anxiety which then ENHANCED the recall of traffic accidents.
How can you improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
- Change of narrative order
- Change of perspective
- Mental reinstatement of context
- Report everything
