Attatchment P1

Question 1

What is reciprocity?

Answer 1

Reciprocity is when the baby responds to the caregiver’s actions.

Question 2

What is Interactional Synchrony?

Answer 2

Interactional Synchrony is when the caregiver and infant copy each other.

Question 3

When is Asocial Attachment?

Answer 3

Asocial attachment happens in the first 6 weeks after birth.

Question 4

When is Indiscriminate Attachment?

Answer 4

Indiscriminate attachment is from the first 6 weeks to the first 6 months.

Question 5

When is specific attachment?

Answer 5

Specific attachment is formed in the first 7+ months.

Question 6

What attachments are formed at 10+ months?

Answer 6

Multiple attachment can be formed at 10+ months.

Question 7

What does it mean if a child is Insecure Avoidant?

Answer 7

No sign of distress when the mother leaves

The infant is okay with the stranger and plays normally when the stranger is present

The infant shows little interest when the mother returns

The mother and stranger are able to comfort the infant equally well

Question 8

What does it mean if someone has formed a Secure attachment?

Answer 8

Distressed when mother leaves

Avoidant of stranger when alone, but friendly when the mother returns

Positive and happy when mother returns

Uses the mother as a safe base to explore their environment

Question 9

What does it mean if someone is Insecure resistant?

Answer 9

Intense distress when the mother leaves

The infant avoids the stranger, shows fear of the stranger

The infant approaches the mother, but resists contact, may even push her away

The infant cries more and explores less than the other two types

Question 10

What percentage were secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant in Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation?

Answer 10

70% secure
15% insecure resistant
15% insecure avoidant

Question 11

Insecure avoidant can also be known as attachment Type _

Answer 11

Insecure avoidant can also be known as attachment Type A

Question 12

Insecure resistant can also be known as attachment Type _

Answer 12

Insecure resistant can also be known as attachment Type C

Question 13

Secure can also be known as attachment Type _

Answer 13

Secure can also be known as attachment Type B

Question 14

What happens during the indiscriminate attachment phase?

Answer 14

Infants still enjoy humans over objects, but don’t show any preference for caregivers.

Question 15

What happens during the asocial attachment phase?

Answer 15

Infants respond positively to both objects and people.

Question 16

what happens during the specific attachment

Answer 16

They will protest when separated from primary caregivers and begin to display anxiety when around strangers.

Question 17

What is the role of the father?

Answer 17

Question 18

What were the findings of Lorenz’s 1952 animal study into attachment?

Answer 18

Lorenz found that goslings imprint on the first moving animal they see.

They imprint in the first couple of minutes as they need to know what to do once born. They have almost instant mobility so the attachment formed with their mother is important.

Question 19

What was Harlow’s 1958 study into attachment?

Answer 19

Harlow conducted research with 8 monkeys which were caged from infancy with wire mesh food dispensing and cloth-covered surrogate mothers, to investigate which of the two alternatives would have more attachment behaviours directed towards it.

He measured the amount time that monkeys spent with each surrogate mother and the amount time that they cried for their biological mother.
Harlow’s findings revealed that separated infant monkeys would show attachment behaviours towards a cloth-covered surrogate mother when frightened not the food-dispensing surrogate mother. Monkeys were willing to explore a room full of novel toys when the cloth-covered monkey was present but displayed phobic responses when only the food-dispensing surrogate was present.

Harlow reviewed infant monkeys that were reared in a social environment and found that these monkeys went on to develop into healthy adults, while the monkeys in isolation with the surrogate mothers all displayed dysfunctional adult behaviour, including: being timid, unpredictable with other monkeys, difficulty mating, inadequate mothers.

Question 20

What were the findings of Harlow’s study on monkeys 1958?

Answer 20

The rhesus monkeys’ willingness to seek refuge from something offering comfort rather than food would suggest that food is not as crucial as comfort when forming a bond. The fact that isolated monkeys displayed long-term dysfunctional behaviour illustrates, once more, that early attachment experiences predict long-term social development. Despite being fed, isolated monkeys failed to develop functional social behaviour, which would suggest that animals have greater needs that just the provision of food.

Question 21

What were the practical applications of Harlows 1958 study?

Answer 21

Harlow’s research has profound implications for childcare. He found that because of the longterm implications of your childhood; it is vital that all of children’s needs are catered for; taking care of physical needs alone is not enough.

Question 22

What are the weaknesses of animal studies?

Answer 22

• Results cannot be completely generalised to humans
• It is questionable whether findings and conclusions can be extrapolated and applied to complex human behaviours.

Unethical:
- The use of animals in research can be questioned on ethical grounds. It could be argued that animals have a right not to be researched/harmed.

• The pursuit of academic conclusions for human benefits could be seen as detrimental to non-human species.

Question 23

What are the 8 stages of Mary Ainsworth’s Stange Situation?

Answer 23

Question 24

What did Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg 1988 do?

Answer 24

It did a meta analysis of the Strange Situation.

Question 25

What is Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation?

Answer 25

Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation was that a child’s early separation from their primary caregiver can have negative effects on their emotional and social development, and can lead to a range of issues such as attachment disorders, anxiety, and aggression.

Question 26

What is the internal working model?

Answer 26