Memory - Long-term memory

Question 1

Episodic memory

Answer 1

Stores information about events & experiences (part of declarative memory)

Question 2

Procedural memory

Answer 2

How to do things (non-declarative)

Question 3

Semantic memory

Answer 3

Stores information about the world & general knowledge (part of declarative memory)

Question 4

Similarities/differences (procedural & semantic)

Answer 4

Differences:
- Semantic is declarative
- Semantic is conscious
- Semantic is not timestamped
- Procedural is skills, semantic is general knowledge

Question 5

Similarities/differences (semantic & episodic)

Answer 5

Similarities:
- Conscious
- Declarative

Differences:
- Semantic is not timestamped
- Semantic is taught, episodic is experience-based

Question 6

Similarities/differences (episodic & procedural)

Answer 6

Differences:
- Episodic is declarative
- Episodic is conscious
- Procedural is skills, episodic is personal

Question 7

Tulving’s findings (1994)

Answer 7

Completing memory tasks in a PET scanner - blood flows to the left prefrontal cortex for semantic, and right for episodic

Question 8

Strengths of long-term memory

Answer 8

Evidenced (HM - remembered concept of dog - & Clive Wearing - remembered sheet music)
Real world application (Belleville et al - training to improve episodic memory in old people since aging causes memory loss [performed better recall] - enables treatment developments)

Question 9

Limitations of long-term memory

Answer 9

Conflicting findings (Bickner & Peterson contradict Tulving’s findings)
Ungeneralisable (Clive Wearing case - rare condition that doesn’t affect everyone)