Memory (evaluation)

Question 1

Evidence for the difference in the STM and LTM -

Answer 1

Controlled lab studies support the idea for the separation between STM and LTM from the understanding of duration, capacity and encoding.

Beardsley found the prefrontal cortex is active during the STM but not LTM and Squire used brain scanning to find the hippocampus to be engaged during LTM.

Question 2

Some case studies don’t support the MSM but the WMM. - (KF)

Answer 2

The MSM suggests that if people have damage to one of their memory stores for example the STM it will also cause damage to their long term memory as this does not allow them to create new existing LTM from STM as information to travel is unidirectional, however studies like KF show that when the STM is damaged it does not affect the LTM and still allows newly created memories.

Question 3

Evidence from brain scans for the uniqueness of the three LTM types -

Answer 3

Episodic memory associated with the hippocampus and other parts of the temporal lobe.

Semantic memory - temporal lobe

Procedural memory - cerebellum and as well as the motor cortex.

Question 4

Problems with using case studies for the WMM and even the MSM (primarily the WMM) - 3 reasons

Answer 4

1. The process is traumatic, which means that behaviour will be altered so they perform different on tasks.
2. Certain individuals may have problems with paying attention and therefore underperform.
3. Usually these case studies of unique individuals with brain diseases and damaged and therefore it isn’t universal to everyone

Question 5

There may be reasons of why semantic and episodic memories are both located and associated with the temporal lobe -

Answer 5

May be due to that most semantic memories begin as episodic memories because at first they are not initially learnt and recalled from you remembering the knowledge but primarily where you learnt the knowledge.

Question 6

Support for the effectiveness of the CI -

Answer 6

Meta-analysis of 53 studies found on average that a 34% increase in memory recall was achieved compared with the standard interview (Kohnken) although these were tested in volunteer participants and were in the lab

Question 7

The cognitive interview may cause suffering of quality and not quantity -

Answer 7

The procedure is designed to enhance the amount of correct information without compromising the quality of that research. Kohnken found an 81% increase information but also a 61% increase in incorrect information when the enhanced CI was compared to the standard interview. Therefore the information recalled by the police may not be an accurate recall.

Question 8

Researcher for pros and cons of cognitive interview is?

Answer 8

Kohnken with the 😮 for the o :)

Question 9

The CI needs a great deal of training and time for it to be effective and used therefore -

Answer 9

It has not been widespread and used by all police forces and they may still settle with the standard old standard interview.