memory - cognitive interview Flashcards
who created the cognitive interview?
Fisher and Geiselman
what is the purpose of the cognitive interview?
improve EWT through interview techniques based on psychological insights into memory
what are the steps to the cognitive interview?
report everything
reinstate the context
reverse the order
change perspective
report everything
witnesses encourages to include every detail, even if they seem irrelevant as they may trigger other important memories
reinstate the context
return to the crime scene in their mind
related to context-dependent forgetting
reverse the order
recall events in a different order
prevents expectations of how the event must have happened
change perspective
recall incident from other people’s perspectives
disrupts the effect of expectation and schema on recall
what is the enhanced cognitive interview?
focuses on the social dynamics of the interaction, e.g:
- knowing when to establish eye contact
- minimising distractions
- getting the witness to speak slowly
strength - evidence of effectiveness
meta-analysis (1999) looked at 55 studied that compared CI to standard police interview
CI have average 41% increase in accurate information
counterpoint - CI also caused an increase in inaccurate information, particularly ECI
limitation - some elements more useful
Milne and Bull (2002) found a combination of report everything and reinstate the context were most effective, even more than all elements together
limitation - time-consuming
time needed to establish report
requires special training of police which many forces don’t have the resources for
