memory B.3 eye whiteness testimony

Question 1

What are the two factors affecting eye witness testimony

Answer 1

Misleading questions and anxiety

Question 2

what is the A01 study into misleading infomation

Answer 2

Loftus and Palmer car crash study
45 students watched video of car crash
in each interview the verbs were changed to; bumped, collided, hit, smashed, contacted
when asked how fast the cars were going, contacted was 31% and smashed was 40% higher
Follow up of broken glass, those with the word smashed recorded higher of seeing broken glass

Question 3

what is the a03 supporting study for misleading infomation

Answer 3

Loftus’s broken headlight
In a follow up by changing the sentence from
‘the broken headlight’ to ‘a broken headlight’
‘the’ = 17%
‘a’= 7%

Question 4

what are the 3 evaluation points for misleading infomation

Answer 4

+Loftus study of the broken headlight

+ Its improved the way the legal systems work by a real life application of how interviews are taken place

+ Rhodes said that older people are less likely to give accurate eye whitness reports therefore the studies dont apply to everyone individually

Question 5

How does Anxiety affect accuracy of eye whiteness testimony ( you answer should be the opening line of an essay)

Answer 5

Anxiety is a state of arousal
small increases in anxiety can increase the accuracy of eye whiteness testimony but high levels may have a negative effect on accuracy

Question 6

what is the A01 study into anxiety

Answer 6

Loftus weapon effect
condition 1- normal conversation and a greasy pen
condition 2- hostile conversation and a bloody knife
50 photographs to identify the man
pen= 94% accuracy
knife= 33% accuracy
suggesting the knife took the attention away from the face

Question 7

what is the A03 supporting study into anxiety

Answer 7

christianson and hubinette
conducted research using real life bank robberies
victims were more accurate than onlookers in their discription for up to 15 months after
suggesting that lab experiments have a different outcome on anxiety compared to real life

Question 8

what are the evaulation points to pad out the anxiety essay

Answer 8

loftus weapon effect = lab experiment cause and effect and replicable, but no eco-logical validity
ethical issues of deception but debriefed after

Question 9

what are the 4 components of cognitive interview

Answer 9

report everything
context reinstatement
reverse order
changed perspective

Question 10

when disussing research into cognitive interview for 16 marks what is the A01 content

Answer 10

cognitive interview components
The enhanced cognitive interview: open ended questions, reducing anxiety, getting whitness to speak slowly and giving eye contact at apropriate times
Study: Geiselman et al found enhanced cognitive interview more effective than standard interview

Question 11

Evaluate research into effectivness of cognitive interview

Answer 11

+Other studies with meta analysis shows better results with cognitive interview than standard interview, showing real application benefits to convicting criminals

• cognitive interview can be more time consuming, requiring more time than officers have, this limmits its effectivness in real life
• The stucture of the interview doesnt apply to children and therefore modifications have taken place so they can be interviewed more effectivly.