Attachment B.1 Flashcards
What are the 4 main studies in this booklet
Meltzoff and Moore Izabelle Schafer and Emmerson Harlows monkeys Lorenz and Harlow
Outline melzoff and moores study
A- investigate whether infants facial expressions are learned or imitated
P- One man pulls one of 3 facial expressions to infants 2-3 weeks old. A dummy is placed in the infants mouth.
F- there was riprocricy at 3 days old
Outline and evaluate Schafer and emmersons study for the development of attachment
A- To investigate the development of attachment between a child and it’s care-giver
P- longitudinal study, monthly visits until child is 1 year old. Infants from Glasgow
F- Asocial 0-3M infants acsept care from anyone
Indiscriminate 6w-6M preferences
Specific 7m+ seperation anxiety
Multiple 9m+ forms a hiararchy of attachments
C- 65% formed attachment to mother and only 3% to father.
Evaluation:
- only from Glasgow it’s culture bias
- not a good population validity
- bias sample
+ multiple attachments can be supported by bowlbys monotropy
What is interacial synchrony
Synchronised behaviours of temporal co-ordination of micro social behaviour. ie. mirroring behaviour
What is riprocricy
Responding to the action of another with a similar action in a continuous movement
What was the conclusion of Schafer and emmersons study?
65% formed attachment with the mother whilst only 3% with the father.
Sensitive responsiveness was shown that attachments form with those who interact with the child the most not respond to feeding and changing.
Give two strengths of schaffer and emmersons study
High ecological validity. carried out in their homes in their natural environment. more reliable results.
Carried out on 60 babies allows it to be generalised to the population of babies that age because they all followed the same pattern in developing attachment
what did schaffer and emmerson want to study
The development of attachment
give two weaknesses of schafer and emmersons study
bias sample makes it hard to generalisr to the rest of the GB public.
systematically bias as information from caregiver may be interpreted differently
what are the 3 economic implications of the research
time consuming
financial costs to regular home visits
paternity leave
Name the two animal studies of attachment
Harlows monkeys
lorenz geese imprinting
Outline the procedure of lorenz geese imprinting study
2 groups
1 group normally hatched following mother
group 2 incubated and arranged so lorenz was the first figure they seen
they followed him everywhere
when putting all geese in one box and letting them be released group 1 all followed mother and group 2 showed no recognition
what were the conclusions of lorenz’s study
Gooslings formed an imprint of their attachment figure
12-17 hour critical period after hatching
attachment is innate and genetically programmed
after 32 hours no attachment will develop
what was harlows explanation of animal attachment
that the mother provided TACTILE COMFORT showing that infants have innate need to touch and cling to something for emotional comfort
describe the procedure of harlows monkeys
- infant monkeys rared in isolation
- 8 infant monkeys separated from mothers at birth and rared with a cloth monkey and a wire monkey providing food. Animals studied for 165 days
outline the results of harlows monkeys
The monkeys spent more time with cloth mother. when hungry they would go to wire monkey and return to cloth monkey as a safe base. Infant would explore more when cloth monkey present.
what does booklet 1 cover
development of attachment
what is the distinction between harlows research and lorenz’s research
lorenz sudied physical attachment and harlow emotional attachment
state two advantages of harlows research
established emotional attachment turning research away from physical
influenced more research such as bowlbys hierarchy of attachment
state a weakness of harlows research
unethical as some monkeys died and suffered distress
moneys couldn’t function properly abusing babies
What did Isabelle find about interactional synchrony
The higher the level of synchrony, the stronger the bond.
what are the 3 ways to identify an emotional attachment
Proximity
separation distress
secure-base behaviour
Evaluate research into infant care-giver relationships ( do not mention studies)
- Infants are unable to communicate therefore researchers have to interpret actions, this leads to observer bias
- Responses could be an automatic reaction because researchers cant find intentionality
- research could be socially insensitive to mothers who go back to work early and fear not developing a bond.
