Attachment B.1

Question 1

What are the 4 main studies in this booklet

Answer 1

Meltzoff and Moore 
Izabelle 
Schafer and Emmerson 
Harlows monkeys 
Lorenz and Harlow

Question 2

Outline melzoff and moores study

Answer 2

A- investigate whether infants facial expressions are learned or imitated
P- One man pulls one of 3 facial expressions to infants 2-3 weeks old. A dummy is placed in the infants mouth.
F- there was riprocricy at 3 days old

Question 3

Outline and evaluate Schafer and emmersons study for the development of attachment

Answer 3

A- To investigate the development of attachment between a child and it’s care-giver
P- longitudinal study, monthly visits until child is 1 year old. Infants from Glasgow
F- Asocial 0-3M infants acsept care from anyone
Indiscriminate 6w-6M preferences
Specific 7m+ seperation anxiety
Multiple 9m+ forms a hiararchy of attachments
C- 65% formed attachment to mother and only 3% to father.
Evaluation:
- only from Glasgow it’s culture bias
- not a good population validity
- bias sample
+ multiple attachments can be supported by bowlbys monotropy

Question 4

What is interacial synchrony

Answer 4

Synchronised behaviours of temporal co-ordination of micro social behaviour. ie. mirroring behaviour

Question 5

What is riprocricy

Answer 5

Responding to the action of another with a similar action in a continuous movement

Question 6

What was the conclusion of Schafer and emmersons study?

Answer 6

65% formed attachment with the mother whilst only 3% with the father.

Sensitive responsiveness was shown that attachments form with those who interact with the child the most not respond to feeding and changing.

Question 7

Give two strengths of schaffer and emmersons study

Answer 7

High ecological validity. carried out in their homes in their natural environment. more reliable results.

Carried out on 60 babies allows it to be generalised to the population of babies that age because they all followed the same pattern in developing attachment

Question 8

what did schaffer and emmerson want to study

Answer 8

The development of attachment

Question 9

give two weaknesses of schafer and emmersons study

Answer 9

bias sample makes it hard to generalisr to the rest of the GB public.

systematically bias as information from caregiver may be interpreted differently

Question 10

what are the 3 economic implications of the research

Answer 10

time consuming
financial costs to regular home visits
paternity leave

Question 11

Name the two animal studies of attachment

Answer 11

Harlows monkeys

lorenz geese imprinting

Question 12

Outline the procedure of lorenz geese imprinting study

Answer 12

2 groups
1 group normally hatched following mother
group 2 incubated and arranged so lorenz was the first figure they seen
they followed him everywhere
when putting all geese in one box and letting them be released group 1 all followed mother and group 2 showed no recognition

Question 13

what were the conclusions of lorenz’s study

Answer 13

Gooslings formed an imprint of their attachment figure
12-17 hour critical period after hatching
attachment is innate and genetically programmed
after 32 hours no attachment will develop

Question 14

what was harlows explanation of animal attachment

Answer 14

that the mother provided TACTILE COMFORT showing that infants have innate need to touch and cling to something for emotional comfort

Question 15

describe the procedure of harlows monkeys

Answer 15

1. infant monkeys rared in isolation
2. 8 infant monkeys separated from mothers at birth and rared with a cloth monkey and a wire monkey providing food. Animals studied for 165 days

Question 16

outline the results of harlows monkeys

Answer 16

The monkeys spent more time with cloth mother. when hungry they would go to wire monkey and return to cloth monkey as a safe base. Infant would explore more when cloth monkey present.

Question 17

what does booklet 1 cover

Answer 17

development of attachment

Question 18

what is the distinction between harlows research and lorenz’s research

Answer 18

lorenz sudied physical attachment and harlow emotional attachment

Question 19

state two advantages of harlows research

Answer 19

established emotional attachment turning research away from physical
influenced more research such as bowlbys hierarchy of attachment

Question 20

state a weakness of harlows research

Answer 20

unethical as some monkeys died and suffered distress

moneys couldn’t function properly abusing babies

Question 21

What did Isabelle find about interactional synchrony

Answer 21

The higher the level of synchrony, the stronger the bond.

Question 22

what are the 3 ways to identify an emotional attachment

Answer 22

Proximity
separation distress
secure-base behaviour

Question 23

Evaluate research into infant care-giver relationships ( do not mention studies)

Answer 23

• Infants are unable to communicate therefore researchers have to interpret actions, this leads to observer bias
• Responses could be an automatic reaction because researchers cant find intentionality
• research could be socially insensitive to mothers who go back to work early and fear not developing a bond.