Memory Flashcards
Information processing model
Brain is like computer. Receive input, process it, make decision
Sensory memory
First interact w information in environment. Temporary memory.
Iconic memory: what we see
Echoic memory: what we hear
Working memory
- 7+-2 things that can be remembered at a time.
Long term memory
Explicit: facts or events.
Implicit: how to ride a bike
Explicit memory
Facts events.
Semantic: having to do with words. Meaning of worlds
Episodic memory: memory of events
Implicit memory
Procedural: riding a bike
Priming
Rote rehearsal
Repeating something to remember it. Not effective. Doesn’t require you to process the info
Chunking
Group info to better remember it
Mnemonic devices
Imagery. Pegwords. Method of loci. Connecting previous info to remember new info. Acronym
Self referencing
Preparing to teach
Spacing
Break up study sessions
Retrieval cues
Priming- even if we’re unaware of them
Context- having a variety of cues (multiple locations) will help
State- if you’re happy you’re more likely to retrieve happy thoughts
Retrieval
Free recall
Cued recall
Recognition
Free recall
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Middle is hard to remember
Cued recall
Basically getting clues until you recall it
Recognition
Not just cued, you get the whole word and you have to recognize it
Memory reconstruction
False information-
Misleading info
Source monitoring: being able to differentiate sources of memories
Flashbulb memories
Highly emotional memories, can be reconstructions
Long term potentiation
When neurons become more interconnected. We get smarter. Synapses are strengthened
Decay
Don’t use memory— lose it
Rate of forgetting. Most happens the first few days/years
Savings
Faster rate of relearning because we slightly remember
Interference
Retroactive: new over rides old
Proactive: old over rides new
Stable memories
Implicit (riding bike)
Recognition
Improving memories
Semantic memory gets better with age
Decline of memories with age
Recall
Episodic memory
Processing speed
Divided attention
Dementia
Excessive damage to brain tissue
Alzheimer’s: cerebral cortex shrinks, decaying memory, emotions, languages. Amyloid plaques build up.
Korsakoff’s syndrome: memory loss due to alcohol and diet. Brain doesn’t get thymine
Semantic networks
A web of everything we know and how it all relates
Confabulation
Fabrication of false memories to fill in gaps of other memories (very vivid)
Source monitoring errors
Forgetting who/what the source of the memory was
Prospective memory
“Remembering to remember”
Remembering to do future events.
Taking a pill each day.
Long term potentiation
Long term depression
Synaptic pruning
Strengthening neuron synapses
Weakening of synapses
Actually removing synapses in order to form new, strong ones
Source monitoring
The process of remembering the origin of memories
Source monitoring error
The process of INCORRECTLY remembering the origin of memories
