Cognition

Question 1

Piagets stages of development

Answer 1

Sensorimotor: (0-2). Touching, tasting. Don’t understand object permanence

Preopporational: (2-7). Egocentric, symbols (such as talking).

Concrete operational: (7-11). Conservation (same amount of water in 2 different cups), math

Formal operational: (12+). Abstract thinking, moral reasoning

Question 2

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 2

(0-2) Don’t understand Object permanence

Feeling, tasting, looking

Question 3

Preoperational stage

Answer 3

2-7

Egocentric, learning symbols (talking)

Question 4

Concrete operational

Answer 4

7-12

Math

Understanding conservation

Question 5

Formal operational

Answer 5

12+

Moral thinking

Abstract thinking

Question 6

Schemas (Piaget)

Answer 6

Basically a box representing our understanding

Box what shape openings (kids toy)

Question 7

Assimilation

Answer 7

Putting consistent new info into pre existing schema

aSSimilate: SAME SCHEMA

Question 8

Accommodate

Answer 8

Create a new schema to house the new information that doesn’t fit other schemas

aCComidation: CHANGE, CREATE schema

Question 9

Problem solving

Answer 9

Trial and error

Algorithm: methodically try

Heuristic: focusing on one aspect and ignoring others. Reduces the number of possibilities

Question 10

Fixation

Answer 10

Getting stuck on a wrong approach

Question 11

Insight

Answer 11

That AHA! Moment

Question 12

Heuristics

Answer 12

Availability: what comes to mind

Representativeness: matching prototypes—> quick judgements

Question 13

Conjunction fallacy

Answer 13

Using representativeness to assume the combination of characteristics (that are not likely)

Question 14

Biases

Answer 14

Over confidence

Belief perseverance: ignore or rationalize things we don’t want to hear

Confirmation bias:
Seek out only confirming facts

Question 15

Fluid intelligence

Answer 15

Creative, quick abstract thinking

Question 16

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

Facts. Semantic memory

Question 17

Nature vs nurture

Answer 17

Both contribute to intelligence

Question 18

Fixed and growth mindset

Answer 18

Fixed- I can’t do anything

Growth- I can do something!

Question 19

Intelligence

Answer 19

Like athleticism.

There are multiple intelligences but there’s also a general intelligence that acts as foundation

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 20

Cognitions: beliefs, emotions, behaviors, etc

Contradictions in cognitions (when attitudes and behaviors don’t align)

So…
–>modify one or two cognitions
(I really don’t smoke that much)

–>trivialize (evidence is weak)

–>add cognition ( I exercise so it makes up)

–>deny