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Cognitive Psychology > Memory 2 > Flashcards

Memory 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What evidence is there to suggest that the Two-Step model could be wrong?

A

Children with episodic memory issues can still learn new information

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2
Q

Children with episodic memory issues are still able to learn new information, research has revealed. Is this evidence for or against WHICH theory?

A

Against

Two Step Model

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3
Q

According to the Two-Step model, information that conflicts with existing information requires ____________?

A

Time to be consolidated

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4
Q

Two-Step Model

Cortical learning is possible for information that….

A

Is consistent with existing knowledge

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5
Q

How quick is the abstraction from Hippocampal regions to cortical regions, according to systems consolidation hypothesis?

A

Gradual

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6
Q

According to Systems Consolidation Hypothesis,

If there are overlapping episodic memories…

A

Gradually do make it to cortex

Specifics are lost/blended

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7
Q

According to Systems Consolidation Hypothesis,

If there are overlapping episodic memories, what happens to the specifics?

A

They are lost/blended

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8
Q

Two researchers in support of Two-Stage Model

A

1) Sharon et al.

2) Tse et al.

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9
Q

What did Sharon et al. find in support of the two stage model?

A

Rapid cortical learning in absence of episodic memory

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10
Q

What did Tse et al. find in support of the two stage model?

A

Schema consistent information is rapidly incorporated

More so than schema inconsistent

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11
Q

What is one piece of support for Systems Consolidation Hypothesis still maintaining links with hippocampal regions?

A

HC activation lower for distant vs recent memories

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12
Q

Episodic memory is ______, whereas semantic memory is ________

A

Unstable

Stable

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13
Q

Episodic memory is ______ (can be affected by lack of sleep etc)

A

Malleable

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14
Q

What are 5 things that episodic memory can be affected by?

A 
Lack of sleep 
Semantic memory 
Suggestibility 
Misattribution 
Bias
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15
Q

What is a false memory?

A

Memories of events that did not actually occur (small scale)

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16
Q

Can memory be interfered with or changed?

A

Yes - on the basis of new info

17
Q

Binding information from different memory systems can facilitate what?

A

False memories

18
Q

What are 3 SINS of memory recall?

A

a) Suggestibility
b) Bias
c) Misattribution

19
Q

2 Researchers who provided evidence for a malleable memory?

A

1) DeMaster and Ghetti

2) Hupbach et al.

20
Q

DeMaster and Ghetti - Evidence for a malleable memory

What was the method?

A

Pps looked at a series of images with different borders (blue or red)

Task was to remember border colour

21
Q

DeMaster and Ghetti - Evidence for a malleable memory

What were the results?

A

DIFFERENT results in children and adults

22
Q

Hupbach et al. Evidence for a malleable memory

What was the method?

A

Learnt set of words in either familiar or unfamiliar room

23
Q

Hupbach et al. Evidence for a malleable memory

What were the findings?

A

Pps had worse memory for words learnt in familiar room

24
Q

Hupbach et al. Evidence for a malleable memory

Why did they find what they did?

A

Familiar room REACTIVATED memory trace

Memory came malleable

25
Q

Why are memories malleable in a familiar room?

A

Memories become reactivated

26
Q

Hupbach et al. Evidence for a malleable memory

Why did participants in the NEW room have bettere results?

A

New room opened a new memory trace

27
Q

Hupbach et al. Evidence for a malleable memory

Ppts who learnt a set of rooms in a new room achieved more correct answers because the new room resulted in a new memory trace that was…

A

NOT open to suggestibility

28
Q

Are thinking about the past and thinking about the future closely related processes?

A

Yes

29
Q

Is memory organised to facilitate thinking about the future?

A

Yes

30
Q

Is memory organised to facilitate thinking about the future?

What did Schachter et al. find regarding brain images?

A

Similar hippocampal brain activity for remembering past & imagining future

31
Q

What mind processes require that we think towards the future? (3)

A

1) Decision making
2) Emotional regulation
3) Intention formation

32
Q

Which is more stable - semantic or episodic?

A

Semantic

33
Q

Which out of semantic and episodic is more malleable?

A

Episodic

34
Q

Which region of the brain is involved in both remembering past and imagining future events?

A

Hippocampus

35
Q

The capacity to imagine or simulate experiences that might occur in ones personal future

What type of thinking is this referring to ^

A

Episodic future thinking

36
Q

Research into future thinking has been fuelled by demonstrations of striking cognitive and neural differences/similarities when people are asked to think about the past and the future?

A

Similarities

37
Q

The constructive episodic simulation hypothesis posits that episodic memory supports future stimulation by…

A

Flexible retrieval/recombining details of past experiences into representations of future eveents

Cognitive Psychology (10 decks)

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