Memory Flashcards
What is coding?
How you store and retrieve memories
What is capacity?
How much information you can store
What is duration?
How long you can store information
How does STM code?
Acoustically
How does LTM code?
Semantically
What was Baddeley’s experiment in coding?
Tested immediate recall and recall after 20 minutes
Using acoustically and semantically similar and dissimilar words
Immediate recall was worse with acoustically similar - STM codes acoustically
Recall after 20 minutes was worse with semantically similar - LTM codes semantically
What is the capacity of STM?
7 +/- 2 chunks of information
What is the capacity of LTM?
Unlimited
What was Jacob’s experiment into the capacity of STM?
Researcher reads digits and increases until participant cannot recall order correctly
Final number = digit span
Numbers = 9
Letters = 7
What is the duration of STM?
18-30 seconds
What is the duration of LTM?
Unlimited
48+ years
What was Peterson and Peterson’s experiment into duration
24 students given consonant syllable (e.g. YCG) to recall and 3-digit number to count backwards from
Retention interval varied (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18)
After 3 seconds = average recall 80%
After 18 seconds = average recall 3%
What are the three types of LTM?
Semantic
Procedural
Episodic
What is semantic LTM?
Memories of facts and knowledge
Is there effort needed to remember semantic memory?
Yes
Is there time stamping in semantic memory?
No
What detail is included in semantic memory?
Some will have context (remember when you learnt it) but mainly don’t
What brain area is semantic LTM in?
Frontal lobe
What is procedural LTM?
Memory of skills and actions
Muscle memory
Is there effort needed to remember procedural LTM?
No
Is there time stamping in procedural LTM?
No
What detail is included in procedural LTM?
Step by step instructions of personal experience
What brain area is procedural LTM in?
Cerebellum
What is episodic LTM?
Personal memories of events