Approaches Flashcards
What is the timeline of the approaches?
Wundt and introspection
Psychodynamic
Behaviourist
Humanistic
Cognitive
Social Learning Theory
Biological
Cognitive neuroscience
What was the nickname for Wilhelm Wundt?
Father of psychology
What did Wundt do?
Opened the first institute of experimental psychology in Leipzig in 1879
Created first ever psychology experiment of introspection
What is introspection?
Examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
Inspecting thoughts and feelings
Looking inwards
What does introspection focus on?
Being objective
What was the experiment of introspection?
Wundt would ask people to focus on an everyday object and look inwards, noticing sensations, feelings and images
Structuralism
SYSTEMATIC reporting of an experience of object
Strength of origins of psychology - practical application
Led to creation of cognitive psychology
Limitation of origins of psychology - issue/debate
Some psychologist argue you cannot know all conscious thoughts
Freud
Participants may not be aware of all the different factors which had influenced their decision - Nisbett and Wilson
Strength of origins of psychology - evidence
Temporal validity - still used today to measure happiness
Hunter 2003
AO3 origins of psychology - scientific or not
Scientific
- standardised procedure
- systematic break down of thoughts
Not scientific
- self-report
- participants reporting own unobservable experiences
What is the role of the unconscious?
Driving/motivating force behind our behaviour/personality
Protects conscious self from anxiety/fear/conflict/trauma
What is the structure of personality?
Id
Ego
Superego
What is the id?
Pleasure principle
Wants instant gratification
What is the ego?
Reality principle
Mediator between id and superego
What is the superego?
Morality principle
Always wants perfect behaviour
What are the defence mechanisms?
Displacement
Repression
Denial
What is displacement?
Placing emotions from one object/person to another
What is repression?
Unconsciously pushed the information out of consciousness and becomes unaware of its existence
Is repression temporary or permanent?
Temporary
What is denial?
Refusing to accept reality
Is denial temporary or permanent?
Permanent
What is the role of defence mechanisms?
Help the ego manage conflict between id and superego
Provide compromise solutions to deal with unresolvable conflict
Provide a strategy to reduce anxiety
What are the psychosexual stages?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital
What must be resolved at each stage before the next stage can begin?
Unresolved conflict