Memory Flashcards
Who was Hermann Ebbinghaus
He studied the learning method
Created the forgetting curve of memory and learning
Learning curve
Forgetting curve
What is the learning curve
quick accumulation of knowledge and rapid progress in learning expressed through recall memory
What is the forgetting curve
forgetting information when you first learn it, but if you review it causes it to be forgotten slower
What does it mean to recall something
receive information from memory
Example: fill-in-blank questions on test
Cued recall
What is cued recall
given hints until you get the correct answer
Scaffolding
What des it mean to recognize (recognition) something
Must identify the target from possible targets
Example: multiple choice tests
What is the memory process and define the 3
- encoding: processing information into memory system
- storage: retention of encoded material over time
- Retrieval: process of getting information out of memory storage
What is sensory memory
split second holding tank for all sensory information
(processes 11 million bits of info per second)
Sperlings memory of iconic memory
Echonic memory
What does short term memory become
long term memeory
What is chunking
organizing items onto familiar manageable units
Ex: mnemonic devices
What is the memory of Loci
memorizing layout of a place and then attaching kay info to each spot in that place in order to remember some piece of info
What is explicit memories
episodic memories
semantic memories
Common knowledge
What are implicit memories
conditioned memories
procedural memories
What are the 3 ways we encode and define them
Visual encoding: encoding of picture images
Acoustic encoding: encoding of sound
Somatic encoding: encoding of memory
How do we encode information
Primary effect: first
Regency effect: last
Serial positioning effect: “first then last”
Von restore effect: something extremely unique
What is the self reference effect
Type of somatic encoding/deep processing
making info meaningful to person by making it relevent in one’s life
Ex: “oh yea, that is just like my uncle pat”
What are flashbulb memories
clear, emotional memory
stress hormones focus memory
What is mood congruent memeory
You happy? You remember Happy
What is state dependent memory
learn drunk- remember drunk
How do we store memories
long-term potentation
increase in a cell’s firing potential after repeated stimulation
2 neurons learn to fire together and get better at it
What is the spacing effect
Do not cram
“those who learn quickly, forget quickly”
What is 2 examples of forgetting and define them
Retroactive interference: new info blocks out old info
Proactive interference: old info blocks out new info
Define 2 types of Amnesia
Retrograde amnesia: loss of info or events that occurred before an injury
What is anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories after an injury
What is source amnesia
remembering info, bu you forget that source of info
Hearing what happened to a friend and then misremembering it after on as having happened to yourself
