Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the circadian Rhythm
24 hour cycle in nature (sometimes 25 if cues are removed)
How does our energy levels vary?
Energy levels differ throughout the day
How to people overcome jet lag
1 hour difference = 1 day recovery
What is sleep debt
Amount of sleep needed-amount you actually got= sleep debt
What can sleep debt lead too
leads to obesity
makes you more susceptible to viral infections
What is the importance of the pineal gland
Apart of the endocrine system
controls melatonin
How does the pineal gland work
Photo sensitive (what our eyes see switches pituitary on and off)
releases melatonin into the blood stream
Turned on- Melatonin released
Turned- off- Wide awake
How long is a full sleep cycle
90 minutes
What machine can measure stages of sleep
EEG
Define alpha waves
onset of sleep
when relaxed, start of sleep
Define beta waves
awake, brain active
What happens when you are starting to fall asleep
Mild hallucinations, feeling of falling
As the night progresses we spend more time in ______ and less time in ______
We spend more time in REM and less time in stages 3 and 4
Define stage 1 of sleep and how long it lasts
Awake/asleep
Only a few minutes each night
Define Theta waves
introduces sleep
Day dreaming is apart of which sleep stage
stage 1
Define stage 2 of sleep
More theta waves progressively slower
Sleep spindles (short bursts of rapid brain waves)
What is k-complex
waves seen during the 2nd sleep stage
Define stage 3 and 4
Vital for restoring body’s growth hormone and good overall health
Groggy
Muscles/tissue repair. hormones restored
Define Delta waves
slow and deep waves during 3/4 sleep stage
Define REM sleep
Rapid eye movement
Brain is very active, body essentially paralyzed
Paradoxical sleep (never existed)
Define REM rebound
Not getting enough sleep (not getting to all the steps)
Define Consciousness
Levels of awareness about ourselves and our environment
Immediate awareness
Is consciousness science based
no
Define Preconscious
information made easily available (conscious)
Define unconscious
Not available
Below the iceberg
Define cognitive neuroscience
Study of the brain activity dealing with the perception, thinking, memory, and language
Define selective attention
Focused on something (what is deemed important)
Define the cocktail-party effect
Focusing on one thing while 30 other sounds are going on
Define 2 parts of dual processing
Conscious (high-track)
Unconscious (low track)
Define the high track mind
Take deliberate actions
We know what we are doing
Define the low track mind
Perform automatic actions without being aware
Define blind sight
eye balls are fine and work, however the brain cannot decode what the eyes are telling you
How does blind sight work
you cannot see but can sense objects (info is transferred to thalamus from occipital)
What are the 2 types of insomnia
Primary insomnia: unknown reason
Secondary insomnia: known reasons
Define narcolepsy
suffers from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable times
They fall directly to REM
Define sleep apnea
Breathing stops during sleep
Can be fatal
Who is most common to have sleep apnea
heavy males
Define night terrors
Wakes up screaming
They have no idea what happened
Occurs during NREM
Drastic bodily changes
Are night terrors and nightmares the same
no
Define Nightmares
occurs during REM, second half of the night
Mild physiological changes
Vivid images
Occurs during REM sleep
Define somnambulism
Sleep walking
Occurs during the first few hours of stage 4
If they have night terrors they are more likely to sleep walk.
Define freud’s theory of dreams
wish-fulfillment
Manifest content and Latent content
Difference between manifest and latent content
Manifest content: Story line of the dream
Latent content: Underlying meaning of the dream
Define neural activation theory of dreams
Cortex trying to interpret random electrical activity while sleeping
Why dreams sometimes make no sense
What system is active during the activation theory
Limbic system is active but the frontal lobe is inactive
Define biological theory
also known as information-processing theory
dreams are a way of dealing with stresses
tend to dream more when stressed
Define psychoactive drugs
small enough to pass through
Define tolerance
The body gets used to the drugs effects
Its the main cause of overdose
Define stimulus drugs
They speed up body processes (heart rate, BP)
What types of drugs are stimulus drugs
Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine
Define Depressant drugs
Suppress CNS
Suppresses dreams
What types of drugs are depressants
Alcohol
Tranquilizers
Barbiturates
Define hallucinogens
Psychedelics
Changes in perception and reality
What types or drugs are hallucinogens
LSD, peyote, poilocytoin, mushrooms, marijuana
Define reverse tolerance
keen to effects, you are more noticeable to effects
Define synergistic effect
mixing different drugs makes a bigger effect
Multiplier
Define synergy
working off of each other
Where does opiates come from
poppy plant
What drugs are opiates
morphine
heroin
methadone
codeine
Define hypnosis
altered state
young-boys with fantasy life are more susceptible
Define posthypnotic suggestion
you are getting every sleepy
Define posthypnotic amnesia
not remembering what happened
Define hypnotic theory
Also known as role theory
not an altered state
they want to believe
works better with people with fantasy lives
Define state theory
Altered state of conscious
drastic health benefits
works for pain best
Define dissociation theory
separating mind form the body
voluntarily divides consciousness
Define hidden observer
chaperone
makes sure you are not going to do something out of character
