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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circadian Rhythm

A

24 hour cycle in nature (sometimes 25 if cues are removed)

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2
Q

How does our energy levels vary?

A

Energy levels differ throughout the day

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3
Q

How to people overcome jet lag

A

1 hour difference = 1 day recovery

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4
Q

What is sleep debt

A

Amount of sleep needed-amount you actually got= sleep debt

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5
Q

What can sleep debt lead too

A

leads to obesity
makes you more susceptible to viral infections

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6
Q

What is the importance of the pineal gland

A

Apart of the endocrine system
controls melatonin

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7
Q

How does the pineal gland work

A

Photo sensitive (what our eyes see switches pituitary on and off)
releases melatonin into the blood stream
Turned on- Melatonin released
Turned- off- Wide awake

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8
Q

How long is a full sleep cycle

A

90 minutes

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9
Q

What machine can measure stages of sleep

A

EEG

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10
Q

Define alpha waves

A

onset of sleep
when relaxed, start of sleep

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11
Q

Define beta waves

A

awake, brain active

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12
Q

What happens when you are starting to fall asleep

A

Mild hallucinations, feeling of falling

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13
Q

As the night progresses we spend more time in ______ and less time in ______

A

We spend more time in REM and less time in stages 3 and 4

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14
Q

Define stage 1 of sleep and how long it lasts

A

Awake/asleep
Only a few minutes each night

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15
Q

Define Theta waves

A

introduces sleep

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16
Q

Day dreaming is apart of which sleep stage

A

stage 1

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17
Q

Define stage 2 of sleep

A

More theta waves progressively slower
Sleep spindles (short bursts of rapid brain waves)

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18
Q

What is k-complex

A

waves seen during the 2nd sleep stage

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19
Q

Define stage 3 and 4

A

Vital for restoring body’s growth hormone and good overall health
Groggy
Muscles/tissue repair. hormones restored

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20
Q

Define Delta waves

A

slow and deep waves during 3/4 sleep stage

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21
Q

Define REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement
Brain is very active, body essentially paralyzed
Paradoxical sleep (never existed)

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22
Q

Define REM rebound

A

Not getting enough sleep (not getting to all the steps)

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23
Q

Define Consciousness

A

Levels of awareness about ourselves and our environment
Immediate awareness

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24
Q

Is consciousness science based

A

no

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25
Q

Define Preconscious

A

information made easily available (conscious)

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26
Q

Define unconscious

A

Not available
Below the iceberg

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27
Q

Define cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of the brain activity dealing with the perception, thinking, memory, and language

28
Q

Define selective attention

A

Focused on something (what is deemed important)

29
Q

Define the cocktail-party effect

A

Focusing on one thing while 30 other sounds are going on

30
Q

Define 2 parts of dual processing

A

Conscious (high-track)
Unconscious (low track)

31
Q

Define the high track mind

A

Take deliberate actions
We know what we are doing

32
Q

Define the low track mind

A

Perform automatic actions without being aware

33
Q

Define blind sight

A

eye balls are fine and work, however the brain cannot decode what the eyes are telling you

34
Q

How does blind sight work

A

you cannot see but can sense objects (info is transferred to thalamus from occipital)

35
Q

What are the 2 types of insomnia

A

Primary insomnia: unknown reason
Secondary insomnia: known reasons

36
Q

Define narcolepsy

A

suffers from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable times
They fall directly to REM

37
Q

Define sleep apnea

A

Breathing stops during sleep
Can be fatal

38
Q

Who is most common to have sleep apnea

A

heavy males

39
Q

Define night terrors

A

Wakes up screaming
They have no idea what happened
Occurs during NREM
Drastic bodily changes

40
Q

Are night terrors and nightmares the same

A

no

41
Q

Define Nightmares

A

occurs during REM, second half of the night
Mild physiological changes
Vivid images
Occurs during REM sleep

42
Q

Define somnambulism

A

Sleep walking
Occurs during the first few hours of stage 4
If they have night terrors they are more likely to sleep walk.

43
Q

Define freud’s theory of dreams

A

wish-fulfillment
Manifest content and Latent content

44
Q

Difference between manifest and latent content

A

Manifest content: Story line of the dream
Latent content: Underlying meaning of the dream

45
Q

Define neural activation theory of dreams

A

Cortex trying to interpret random electrical activity while sleeping
Why dreams sometimes make no sense

46
Q

What system is active during the activation theory

A

Limbic system is active but the frontal lobe is inactive

47
Q

Define biological theory

A

also known as information-processing theory
dreams are a way of dealing with stresses
tend to dream more when stressed

48
Q

Define psychoactive drugs

A

small enough to pass through

49
Q

Define tolerance

A

The body gets used to the drugs effects
Its the main cause of overdose

50
Q

Define stimulus drugs

A

They speed up body processes (heart rate, BP)

51
Q

What types of drugs are stimulus drugs

A

Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine

52
Q

Define Depressant drugs

A

Suppress CNS
Suppresses dreams

53
Q

What types of drugs are depressants

A

Alcohol
Tranquilizers
Barbiturates

54
Q

Define hallucinogens

A

Psychedelics
Changes in perception and reality

55
Q

What types or drugs are hallucinogens

A

LSD, peyote, poilocytoin, mushrooms, marijuana

56
Q

Define reverse tolerance

A

keen to effects, you are more noticeable to effects

57
Q

Define synergistic effect

A

mixing different drugs makes a bigger effect
Multiplier

58
Q

Define synergy

A

working off of each other

59
Q

Where does opiates come from

A

poppy plant

60
Q

What drugs are opiates

A

morphine
heroin
methadone
codeine

61
Q

Define hypnosis

A

altered state
young-boys with fantasy life are more susceptible

62
Q

Define posthypnotic suggestion

A

you are getting every sleepy

63
Q

Define posthypnotic amnesia

A

not remembering what happened

64
Q

Define hypnotic theory

A

Also known as role theory
not an altered state
they want to believe
works better with people with fantasy lives

65
Q

Define state theory

A

Altered state of conscious
drastic health benefits
works for pain best

66
Q

Define dissociation theory

A

separating mind form the body
voluntarily divides consciousness

67
Q

Define hidden observer

A

chaperone
makes sure you are not going to do something out of character

Psychology (8 decks)

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