memory Flashcards
what are encoding, storage, and retrieval?
encoding- getting information into memory
storage- maintaining encoded information over time
retrieval- pulling previously encoded and stored information from memory
what are sensory, short-term, and long-term memory?
sensory- system that holds sensory information (ex: visual, auditory) for a very brief time after the stimulus disappears
short-term- for information that is available to consciousness for about 20-30 seconds
long-term- relatively permanent memory. unlimited capacity.
what are explicit and implicit memory?
explicit- conscious recollection of material from long-term memory (declarative) (ex: consciously recalling items on your to-do list)
implicit- not brought to mind consciously, but expressed in behavior (nondeclarative) (unconscious) (ex: knowing how to ride a bike or read a book)
implicit memory allows you to perform actions without needing to consciously recall how to do them, while explicit memory allows you to bring information into conscious awareness.
what are semantic and episodic memory?
semantic- memory of general knowledge (facts) (ex: your knowledge of what a car is and how an engine works)
episodic- memory of personally experienced events (ex: where you parked your car this morning or the dinner you had with a friend last month)
what are maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
maintenance rehearsal - rote repetition of material
elaborative rehearsal - thinking about the meaning of the information
what are levels of processing and how do they relate to memory?
structural processing- physical structure or appearance of word
phonemic- sound of words
semantic- deep processing. meaning. examples. etc
semantic is easy to learn things
what are context-dependent and state-dependent memory?
context-dependent memory- environment in which something is learned serves as cue for retrieval
state-dependent memory- physical or mental state in which something is learned serves as cue for retrieval
what are anterograde and retrograde amnesia?
anterograde- memory loss for information encountered after head injury
retrograde- memory loss for information from before head injury
is eyewitness memory reliable?
eyewitness testimony is not reliable because it can be influenced by outside factors. they found that language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. participants who were asked the “smashed” question thought the cars were going faster than those who were asked the “hit” question.
