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Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

3 processes of memory

A

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

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2
Q

Who investigated the level of processing model?

A

Craik and Lockhart

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3
Q

What did the level of processing model find?

A

Gave participants easy anagram, and complex anagrams of words to be remembered

Participants who work the hardest to solve anagrams better remembered the word

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4
Q

3 level of processing

A
  1. Structural: words are learnt by remembering their physical features
  2. Phonemic: words are learnt by sounds
  3. Semantic: words are encoded by their meaning which allows them to be placed into our semantic network.
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5
Q

4 aspects of the Working Model of Memory

A

Phonological loop
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Central Executive
Episodic Buffer

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6
Q

Phonological loop

A

What we hear
Helps us remember words from the beginnning of the sentence until the end

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6
Q

Episodic Buffer

A

Retrieves information from LTM
Associate with information that is in working memory
Select and encode information into LTM

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6
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

What we see

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6
Q

3 roles of Central Executive

A

Inhibition - screening out irrelevant material
Switching - changing attention from one item to another
Updating - modifying items brought from LTM before recommitting them to memory through episodic buffer, creating a process of accommodation of the semantic network

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7
Q

Duration of STM

A

12-30 seconds

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7
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping items together
Occupies number of different locations in brain

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7
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repeating information over and over again
Keeps it in STM

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8
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

give meaning to information and link it to previous information.

deep method of encoding - goes through the semantic network so more likely to remember information this way

associating between old and new memories help locate and retrieve information later

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9
Q

4 forms of mnemonics

A

visualisation,
verbalisation,
rhythm
rhyme

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10
Q

Method of loci

A

type of mnemonic that utilises spatial memory

uses a mental map e.g. remembering location of things in your house

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11
Q

SQ4R

A

Type of mnemonic:
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Relate
Review

12
Q

Role of memory in Frontal Lobe

A

Storage, processing and encoding of procedural memories

Episodic memory

13
Q

Role of memory in Occipital Lobe

A

Picture memory

14
Q

Role of memory in Temporal Lobe

A

Sound and names of colours

15
Q

Role of memory in Parietal Lobe

A

Spatial memory

16
Q

Role of memory in Amygdala

A

Emotional
Procedural

17
Q

Role of memory in Hippocampus

A

Forming explicit memory
Consolidating and retrieving LTM (declarative)

18
Q

Role of memory in Basal Ganglia

A

Procedural
Movement

19
Q

Role of memory in Cerebellum

A

Encoding, processing and storing procedural memory

Clasically conditioned response

Motor-skills

20
Q

3 stores of memory (Multi-store model)

A

Sensory
Short-term
Long-term

21
Q

Capacity and duration of iconic memory

A

Capacity - unlimited
Duration - 0.3 seconds

22
Q

Capacity and duration of echoic memory

A

Capacity - unlimited
Duration - 3-4 seconds

23
Q

Different types of long term memory

A

Procedural (implicit) and Declarative (explicit)

24
Q

2 types of declarative memory

A

Episodic (episodes or experiences)

Semantic (facts or general knowledge)

25
Q

3 Strengths of Baddeley and Hitch (Working model of memory)

A

It’s been supported by dual task studies

Extends upon Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model by going into further depth about the stores in short-term memory (there’s auditory and visual memories)

This notion of multiple stores is backed up by the KF case study where KF suffered brain damage to his short-term memory but only affected certain sensory stores.

26
Q

4 Weaknesses of Baddeley and Hitch model

A

Model suggests that the visuospatial sketchpad is linked to spatial memory yet blind people who have never seen before have good spatial memory

Little evidence on the central executive and how/if it works

Only involves STM so its not a comprehensive model of memory as a whole.

Does not include changes in processing ability that result from practise or time

Psychology (8 decks)

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