Aggression

Question 1

2 forms of aggression

Answer 1

1. Hostile aggression - reaction to pain or distress
2. Instrumental aggression - deliberately planned

Question 2

General Aggression Model (GAM)

Answer 2

When presented with a stimuli, 5 things happen:
1. Form aggressive beliefs and attitudes
2. Aggressive perceptual schemas
3. Aggressive expectation schema
4. Aggressive behaviour scripts
5. Desensitisation to aggression

Question 3

How does aggression influence media and advertising?

Answer 3

Social marketing campaigns use it to raise awareness for a behaviour e.g. the government using a shock tactic to attempt to change attitudes and beliefs

Also, stunt advertising may make these events seem normal, thus desensitizing people to the action and thus increasing the number of people who think it is ok

Question 4

3 factors of social and cognitive theories of attraction

Answer 4

1. Proximity - mere exposure effect
2. Reciprocity - social exchange and equity: if you keep planning dates and the partner rejects them, you will be less attracted since they arent reciprocating your behaviour
3. Similarity - similarity-attraction hypothesis: people who are similar to each other are more likely to find each other attractive because they justify their own behaviours and attitudes

Question 5

Duck’s stages of dissolution

Answer 5

1. Intra-physic phase
   - individual feels unsatisfied and wants to end things
2. Dyadic phase
   - discuss with partner and depending on the result, may break up or not
3. Social phase
   - seek support from social group
4. Grave dressing phrase
   - reflects over relationship and tries to rebuild life
5. Resurrection phase
   - seeks new relationships

Question 6

2 types of hostility bias

Answer 6

Hostile attribution bias -interpreting other’s actions as being aggressive or threatening e.g. car pulling out in front of you makes you think they are tools

Hostile perception bias - perceiving an ambigious situation as something hostile e.g. people talking loudly to each other may make you think they are arguing or fighting

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of the tri-component model of attitudes

Answer 7

Affective - how an individual feels about an attitude object
Behavioural - how a person behaves towards the attitude object
Cognitive - how a person thinks towards an attitude object

Question 8

5 ways to reduce prejudice

Answer 8

Sustained contact
Intergroup contact
Superordinate goals
Mutual interdependence - must rely on others to fulfil a task
Equality