Memory

Question 1

Input

Answer 1

All information in the form of data or sensory cues is detected from the environmental display.
e.g. when catching the ball the cricketer will receive information about the ball, the batter and surrounding players .

Question 2

Sensory memory

Answer 2

-All sensory cues or data received.
-Selective attention takes place so the most relevant cues receive focus
e.g. the speed, direction and trajectory of the ball.
-All irrelevant cues are filtered out of the system e.g. the batter and the surrounding fielders.
Relevant information is attended to and passed to short term memory.

Question 3

Short term memory

Answer 3

-‘Working memory’
-Perception occurs e.g. the cricketer interprets the flight of the ball in order to make the catch.
-Information or cues are rehearsed e.g. the flight of the ball is remembered.
-Information is chunked in the brain e.g. the trajectory, speed and serve of the ball.
-The information is compared with that stored in the LTM e.g. the trajectory of the ball in previous catches.

Question 4

Long term memory

Answer 4

-Learned motor programmes of previous catches are stored in LTM.
-Rehearsed Information is received from STM and past experiences of catching are compared and linked to the current movement requirements.
-Successful performances are remembered.
-Information is returned to/retrieved by STM e.g. the movement required for catching can now be performed.

Question 5

Duration and capacity of sensory memory

Answer 5

Duration - 1 second
Capacity - unlimited

Question 6

Duration and capacity of short term memory

Answer 6

Duration = 18-30 seconds
Capacity = 7 +/- 2

Question 7

Duration and capacity of long term memory

Answer 7

Duration = unlimited
Capacity = unlimited

Question 8

Selective attention

Answer 8

-Helps us to concentrate or focus on a specific cue e.g. the spin on the ball
-Filters out unnecessary information e.g. the fielding team
-Prevents overload - this speeds up the whole process or interaction between sensory memory, STM and LTM
-Helps to make the passage of information through the model clear, which will help performance and learning

Question 9

Strategies to help retain information

Answer 9

• repetition
• chunking
• meaningful
  -association
  -avoid overload

Question 10

Shallow processing

Answer 10

Occurs by recognising the physical or sensory features of a stimuli, does not require much processing and is only for short term retention.
Involves:
1. what the stimuli looks like (structural)
2. What the stimulus sounds like (phonemic)

Question 11

levels of processing model states:

Answer 11

How deeply we consider information determines how long the memory lasts.

Question 12

Deeper processing

Answer 12

Occurs by understanding the meaning of the stimuli, more processing so more likely to be stored in the LTM.