feedback

Question 1

intrinsic feedback

Answer 1

Information from within
eg physically feeling a shot in tennis was good

Question 2

advantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 2

•Good at the autonomous stage
•kinesthesis helps fluency of the skill
•Allows the performer to have more attentional space (less to think about) therefore…
…the performer has time to think about or focus on peripheral stimuli

Question 3

disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 3

•Less effective at cognitive and associative stages
•Can hinder learning if overused
•Can be demotivating at the cognitive and associative stages

Question 4

extrinsic feedback

Answer 4

Information from outside sources.
e.g. the coach tells the learner how to play a golf shot often after performance

Question 5

advantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 5

•Good at the cognitive and associative stages of learning
•Helps understand the correct pattern of movement
•Teaches the performer to know how to focus on/use intrinsic feedback
•Can be a source of positive reinforcement

Question 6

disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 6

•Learner can become too dependent on extrinsic feedback
therefore…
…less effective in developing kinesthesis which is needed to reach the autonomous stage
•If overused, its effectiveness as a source of positive reinforcement is lessened

Question 7

positive feedback

Answer 7

Positive feedback is given by the coach when the movement is correct.
e.g. when controlling the ball in basketball

Question 8

Advantages of positive feedback

Answer 8

-Good at the cognitive and associative stages of learning
-Indicates which part of the skill has been performed correctly
-Gives confidence
-Improves motivation

Question 9

Disadvantages of positive feedback

Answer 9

-Less effective at the autonomous stages when mistakes need to be identified
-Ineffective if unspecific or imprecise
-Loses impact if used too often

Question 10

Negative feedback

Answer 10

Negative feedback is given by the coach and when the movement is incorrect or could be improved.
e.g. when control of the ball is lost

Question 11

Advantages of negative feedback

Answer 11

-Good at the autonomous stages (helps them stay there)
-Can finely tune well learned skills
-Motivating for performer at the autonomous stage

Question 12

Disadvantages of negative feedback

Answer 12

-Can hinder learning if overused
-Can be demotivating at the cognitive and associative stages

Question 13

Knowledge of results

Answer 13

information about the outcome or result of the movement. It is extrinsic.
e.g. a pass in hockey

Question 14

Advantages of knowledge of results

Answer 14

-Good at cognitive & associative stages
-Allows correction after the movement or outcome of the movement
-Enables skills to be modified
-Good for open skills because the outcome/result (not technique) is the measure of success.
e.g. whether the pass in hockey is successful (not whether it looks good)

Question 15

Disadvantages of knowledge of results

Answer 15

-Not as effective at autonomous stage
-Can only be used after movement has been completed…
…not as effective in some closed skills, because technique is often the measure of success
e.g. a gymnastic vault is judged on good technique or how it looks

Question 16

Knowledge of performance

Answer 16

Knowledge of performance is information about the quality of the movement. It can be extrinsic or intrinsic.
e.g. a vault

Question 17

Advantages of knowledge of performance

Answer 17

-Ideal at autonomous stage when kinesthesis helps with technique
-Allows for quick correction (especially closed skills) e.g. during a gymnastics vault when technique is the measure of success
-Good for modifying overlearned skills

Question 18

Disadvantages of knowledge of performance

Answer 18

-Less likely at cognitive stage
-Gained through experience so may take a long time to develop therefore…
… long process may be demotivating and may prevent some learners from reaching the autonomous stage