Memory Flashcards by Omar Gazar

بسم الله توكلنا عليك يارب العالمين

اللهم مالك الملك تؤتي الملك من تشاء وتنزع الملك ممن تشاء وتعز من تشاء وتذل من تشاء بيدك الخير إنك علي كل شئ قدير رحمن الدنيا والآخرة ورحيمها
ارحمنا رحمة تغننا بها عن رحمة من سواك اللهم اكفنا بحلالك عن حرامك بفضلك عن سواك

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بسم الله توكلنا عليك يارب العالمين

اللهم كاشف الهم فارج الهم مجيب دعوة المضطرين رحمن الدنيا والآخرة ورحيمهما ارحمنا رحمة تغننا بها عن رحمة من سواك

تعريف الذاكرة

هي القدرة علي معالجة البيانات من حيث
ادخالها 
تخزينها 
استرجعاها
endoding
storage
retrieveing
this triad is the functions of memory

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encoding

putting information into memroy by converting it from snesnrory form in action potential in brain in memory

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Storage

Process of holding encoded infromation in memory untiel retieveing

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types of storage of memory and factors ?

Short
Long term

What type
Where
HOW LONG?
How much ?

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Retreival

The process of using memories and remebring

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KIBRA?

it is the gene responsible for forgetting after delayed period of time

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Anatomical areas of the Memory

AHMAT
Amygdala emotional memories 
Hippocampus short to long 
Medial  frontal gyrus retrieveal 
Mamillary body emotinoal memories
temporal lobe endoding of heard materials

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Substances affecting memory ?

ASD NORSO
Acetyl choline
Serotonin
Dopamine
NOR EPINEPHRINE 
NEUROPEPTIDES
OTHERS DNA RNA PRTOEINS

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types of memories ?mention

Sensory memory
Short term memory
Long term memory
( Procedural - semantic - episodic )

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Sensory memory ?»

stores large amount of infromation
it is registered at sense receptors ( Auditory - olfactory -visual receptors)
it is not brief really as they say and thanks science !
based on electrical changes

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حتى أنني أذكر في زمان الصبوة ووقت الغلمة والعزبة قدرتي على أشياء كانت النفس تتوق إليها توقان العطشان إلى الماء الزلال، ولم يمنعني عنها إلا ما أثمر عندي العلم من خوف الله عز وجل.

Short term memory some charactersitics

Limited   capacity  7+-2 بتس
limited    duration
limited    storage 
We must pay attention during procsessing information 
وبرضو هتنسي في الاخر

لازم تركز في حوار الذاكرة القصيرة ده !
لما تيجي تحفظ رقم تليفون او حتي الطريق

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forgetting by

Decay displacement

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Long term memory can’t be reached except by ?

Rehearsal
Consolidation in hippocampus ‘
this by

chemical change and reverberating circuits

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how is Short term memorey is stored and retireved ?

Sequentially

هاتلي رابع رقم في رقم تليفونك

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long term memory charactarestics mention

1-long capacity
2-long duration
3-permenant can be replaced or distorted
4-Organizing aid in retrieval
5-it is stored and retrieved by association

زي ما انا استنتجت الحمدلله ربط الأشياء بمسبباتها وربط الاشياء المعنوية بالمادية والمادية بالمادية مثلها يغرس ويثبت الفكرة الجديدة في الذاكرة الطويلة وهذا

من منهاج نتعلمه من كيف اقنع الله خلقه بضرب الأمثال واقتدي بذلك الهدي نبيه محمد و انبياؤه اجمعين

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organizing aid in reterival explain !

If the patient need to take varavle pills and change dressing and do exercise

if you gave hime them in the sequence or ordere he must follow it will help him to remebmer it !

الدواء ده الصبح الدواء ده بعد الاكمل بعد تغير الضمادة بعدين تجري وتمارس رياضة بعدين الدواء ده بليل

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procedural type of longe term memory describe .

it is long term memory of motor skills memory you can do these skills without deceleration or consciuoss easily like riding a bike , a car

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Describe semantic memory .

It is long term memory and respisible for storage of information about the world

and this inculeds : meanings of the word and general knowledge : london ic capital of England

it is consiuouss and decelerativce

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Episodic memory describe ,

it is long term memory responsible for storage of Memories of experienced events Conscouss decelerative
اول يوم في الكلية
اول يوم في المخيم
اول يوم عرفت ان عمتي عايشه في الزرقا لما رحت الزرقا اول مرة سيبتهم في الكويت عشان الاقيهم في مصر ؟!

Mention causes of Forgetting ,

Interfence proavtive / retroavtive تداخل الذكريات

Repression التناسي

Failure : encoding storage Retrieveal الفشل في الإدخال الصحيح للمعلومات

Interfeance types?:

بمعني تداخل الذكريات القديمة والجديدة

Proactive the old memories make it impossible to remeber new Memories
retroactive : the new memorirs make it impssible to remeber old memories

repression ?

التناسي
motivated forgetting
fraud
in case of anxiety and traumatic events

Failure of encoding

معلومة انت فهمتهاش او مربطتهاش بحاجة في دماغك فهمني هتدخلها دماغك ازاي بقا في الذاكرة ؟.
عشان كده مش هتدخل الذاكرة الطويلة لازم تفهمها او تشوف طرق لادخال المعلومة بدون فهم عن طريق الربط اي حاجة ! !

Failure of registariotn

Failure of Consolidation and storage of information due to Damage to Hippocampus Limbic system by chemical changes of molecular structures narcoctics -head trauma - diseases affecting protein synthesis and neurotransmitters

فاحتمل السيل زبدا رابيا ومما يوقدون عليه في النار ابتغاء حلية أو متاع زبد مثله كذلك يضرب الله الحق والباطل فأما الزبد فيذهب جفاءا وأما ما بنفع الناس" فيمكث في الأرض كذلك يضرب الله الأمثال " "للذين استجابوا لربهم الحسني " Mention causes of failure or retrieveal

Emotional and physcisal state Your interest and psycological state being under effect of drugs

to improve memory you must improve reteriveal how ?

By making a situation of retrieveal similar to situation of first encoding of the infmration this is called( state dependent memory) to be in a state of retrieveal similar to that of endcoding ! فلتملأ كلامك بالعاطفة ولو كانت مصطنعة اثناء الإلقاء

Emotions and memory sohw relationship

Beingh hightened emotionally this makes it easier to retericeve infomations

Meaningfulness

The informations that have meaningful materials are more easier to be retrieved than non meaningfyl ones

Mnemonic devices

This is are means to organize the information to make it easier to retrieve like schemes , mind maps , imges , rhyming, chaining

Over learning and memory ?

In case of over learning such as reherasal more than needed this make it easeir to retrive information in accurate and immediate manner perfectly but within limits ?

Visializue concepts

Using photographs Drawing highlighteing classifing similar words or thinngs of group in a differet color from others

Teach to another person

Whether reading out loud | and it is proved that teaching students each other concepts make it easier to retrieve

Focus !

To move the information form short term memory to long term memory you must focus Avoid places of disturbance tv music and diversions

Avoid cramming

Studying at regular numerous sessions studying at numerous sessions is better than one to make it possible for processing and consolidations of informations studying at multiples sessions is mor better than one marathon session

Rotate to thing you already know !

اربط أي حاجة او معلومة جديدة بتتعلمها بعلومة قديمة انت عارف يستحسن لو المعلومات متشابهة كضرب الأمثال مثلا بس برضو ممكن تربط بمعلومة قديمة ملهاش علاقة بالجديدة الفكرة انك تربط القديم بالجديد زي جداول المقارنات بعد شرح مجموعتين بيجمعوا مثلا مقارنة بين حاجتين وتقعد تربط القديم بالجديد

Vary your study routine

changing your study routine may be effective the novelty may but not in all cases make it more effective to study like chaning your place

أمية بن خلف يضع في عنق بلال حبلا ويسلمه للصبيان ليطوفوا به في جبال مكة، وكان يضربه ويجوعه وإذا حميت الظهيرة يطرحه في الرمضاء ويضع الصخرة العظيمة على ظهره ويقال له ستترك هكذا حتى تكفر بإله محمد، فلا يقول إلا «أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ».! Mention disorders of Memory

``` DAlMA Dementia Alzhremer Mild cognitive impairment Amensia ```

أم مصعب بن عمير تمنعه الطعام والشراب لترده عن الإسلام ثم طردته من بيتها. Amensia mean and classifiacation ?

Partial or Complete inability to recall past experiences . psychogenic or oragnic psychogenic by anexity or non assocative hystrical amneisa Organic : Transient global amenisia , anterograde and retrograde

psychoenica amnesis discuss

Anexity amnesia : deprssion and anxiety make it difficult to recall Non associative hystrical : تفقد ذاكرتك وهويتك بس شخصيتك لسه موجودة مثلا لو اتسرقت بتنسي اللي وراك واللي قدامك fugue state related to conflicting sitation تشوش مرتبط بالموقف اللي سبب لك الهستريا

Organic amensia ?

Tranisnt global amensisa - ternaient ischemiac attacks anterograde نسيت ما سبق rtrograde نسيت الجديد l ممكن بسبب صدمة حول مناطق الذاكرة في الدماغ

Dementia فقدان اغلب وظائف المخ عكس amnesia ! لا علاقة لها بال aging

Ealry demetia --- Recent amnesia | Late dementia --- Recent and Remote amnesia

(يسقي بماء واحد ونفضل بعضها علي بعض في الأكل إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يعقلون ) Mild cognitive impairment describe

this is cognitive impairments beyond the expected according to age and it has no signifacant effects on dailty routine its is transitional state between Aging and Dementia it is prodromal stage of alzhemir

The wecshler memory scale | Descrieb

neuropsychological test made to the memory functions 16-90 years and we use version IV SEVEN SUSTES OF THE TEST DISCUSSED IN INTELLIGENCE LECT! Results : has 5 index scores : Auditory memory , visual memory , visual working memory and immediate and delayed memory

سبحان الحي الذي لايموت له الحمد في الأولي والآخرة !

Proactive interference When an old memory makes it more difficult or impossible to remember a new memory.

Retroactive interference When new information interferes with the ability to remember previously learned information.

1-Transient global amnesia | • Occurs due t

ransient ischemic cerebral attaches (TICA)

3-Anterograde amnesia • Amnesia for events occurs................ a point of time.

after

-Retrograde amnesia • Amnesia for events occurs,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, a point of time.

before