Meiosis - Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction definition

Answer 1

reproduction requiring only one parent and leads to the production of genetically identical offspring

Question 2

sexual reproduction definition

Answer 2

reproduction involving two parents and leads to the production of genetically distinct offspring

Question 3

What are male and female reproductive cells called?

Answer 3

gametes

Question 4

haploid chromosome state

Answer 4

the reproductive cells that contain 23 unpaired chromosomes

Question 5

diploid cells chromosome state

Answer 5

diploid cells are somatic, they have 23 paired chromosomes

Question 6

Examples of gametes

Answer 6

haploid sperm, haploid egg(ovum)

Question 7

somatic cell examples

Answer 7

brain cells, skeletal muscle, gut, skin, heart

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

(sperm + egg)

Question 9

zygote definition

Answer 9

fertilized egg that starts as a single cell but then undergoes mitosis and becomes an embryo

Question 10

sperm and egg ‘n’ things

Answer 10

sperm (n) + ovum(n) = Zygote (2n)

Question 11

ploidy

Answer 11

the number of chromosome sets in a cell

Question 12

How do mitosis and meiosis relate to ploidy?

Answer 12

Mitosis preserves ploidy and meiosis halves ploidy

Question 13

What are the two outcomes of meiosis?

Answer 13

Genetic reduction and then genetic recombination

Question 14

What is genetic reduction?

Answer 14

when the daughter cells with 1/2 the number of chromosomes in the parent cell are the result

Question 15

what is genetic recombination?

Answer 15

the productions of meiosis have different combinations of alleles. This creates genetically different offspring from one another and from their parents.

Question 16

What are the 3 main steps of meiosis?

Answer 16

Interphase, meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 17

What happens in interphase in meiosis?

Answer 17

• the preparation for division (DNA replication like in mitosis)

Question 18

what happens in meiosis I

Answer 18

it is also called reduction

• converts a diploid 2n cell into 2 haploid cells

Question 19

what happens during meiosis II

Answer 19

the cell separates the contents of the two

Question 20

What are the divisions of interphase in meiosis?

Answer 20

G1, S, and G2

Question 21

What is the form of DNA in Interphase in meiosis

Answer 21

chromatin

Question 22

What happens during S phase in meiosis?

Answer 22

There is a duplication of DNA - NOT CHROMOSOMES

Question 23

If a cell is 2n = 6, what is the result?

Answer 23

6 chromosomes and 6 DNA molecules AND THEN 12 DNA molecules and 6 chromosomes + dupliation of centrosomes
- the spindle fibers begin to grow out from centrosomes
- the nucleolus and nuclear membrane are still present

Question 24

Synapsis

Answer 24

the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis

Question 25

where does crossing over occur?

Answer 25

chiasma (chiasmata)

Question 26

What is crossing over?

Answer 26

segments of chromosomes changing

Question 27

oogenesis definition

Answer 27

the production of eggs or ova

Question 28

where does oogenesis take place?

Answer 28

the ovaries of females

Question 29

what does oogenesis begin with

Answer 29

a diploid cell called an oogonium

Question 30

Describe maturation process for the ovum

Answer 30

- before birth, the oogonia reproduce by mitosis, and they begin meiosis but stop at prophase I - meiosis I will continue for one cell each month beginning at puberty - involves an unequal division of cytoplasm - the cell that receives most of cytoplasm - forms a viable egg - contains a large amount of nutrients that will support the zygote after fertilization

Question 31

when are the final stages of meiosis of an egg completed?

Answer 31

when the egg is fertilized by a sperm

Question 32

what is the smaller ovum left after meiosis II called?

Answer 32

the polar body

Question 33

spermatogenesis definition -

Answer 33

the production of sperm

Question 34

where does spermatogenesis take place

Answer 34

in the testes of males

Question 35

what is the diploid cell called is spermatogenesis

Answer 35

spermatogonium

Question 36

hen does spermatogenesis begin

Answer 36

puberty

Question 37

how to spermatogonia reproduce

Answer 37

by mitosis

Question 38

primary spermatocyte...

Answer 38

undergo meiosis to form four haploid cells