Intro to Nutrition

Question 1

What does the new Canadian Food Guide Consist of?

Answer 1

Recommendations for half of the diet to be fruits and vegetables. A quarter protein and a quarter carbs. Water is the recommended drink of choice

Question 2

What is the importance of Nutrition?

Answer 2

• Energy for body metabolism (nerve impulses, contraction of muscles, repair and replacement of cells)
• Raw materials for building blocks of cells (proteins for muscles, calcium for bones, fats for cell membranes)

Question 3

What are the essential nutrients?

Answer 3

Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and water

Question 4

What are macronutrients and some examples?

Answer 4

nutrients taken in large amounts daily, provide energy. For example, carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

Question 5

What are micronutrients?

Answer 5

minerals, vitamins

Question 6

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 6

major sources of energy, quick energy source

Question 7

What are the organic molecules that make up carbohydrates?

Answer 7

C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen)

Question 8

What are the three carbohydrate examples?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide (C6 H12 O6)
Disaccharide (C12 H22 O11)
Polysaccharide (Cn Hn On)

Question 9

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 9

Simple sugars

Question 10

What are the 3 monosacchrides and where can they be found?

Answer 10

• fructose (in fruits and honey)
• galactose (in milk)
• glucose (in starch)

Question 11

What is the chemical formula of monosaccharides?

Answer 11

C6 H12 O6

Question 12

What is dehydration synthesis or condensation?

Answer 12

when you remove a water molecule to combine 2 monosacchride molecules forming a disaccharide

Question 13

What are Disacchrides made of?

Answer 13

glucose + glucose -> maltose + water
OR
glucose + fructose -> sucrose + water
OR
glucose +galactose -> lactose + water

Question 14

What can break maltose easily into two glucose molecules?

Answer 14

hydrolysis

Question 15

What can break sucrose easily into glucose and fructose?

Answer 15

hydrolysis

Question 16

what is sucrose

Answer 16

common table sugar

Question 17

what is lactose?

Answer 17

sugar in milk

Question 18

Where are polysaccharides found?

Answer 18

They are stored in grains and vegetables

Question 19

What are examples of Polysaccharide?

Answer 19

glycogen, cellulose

Question 20

What is glycogen made by?

Answer 20

animals

Question 21

What does the hormone insulin do?

Answer 21

It converts excess glucose to glyvogen and stored in the liver?

Question 22

What does the hormone glucagon do?

Answer 22

It converts glycogen back to glucose when the blood sugar is low

Question 23

Where is cellulose found?

Answer 23

In plant cell walls

Question 24

What makes up the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Answer 24

Fats

Question 25

What does cellullose do? What is its purpose?

Answer 25

It is not digested in the human intestine, but provides roughage or fibre in the intestine for waste elimination

Question 26

What does the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane contain?

Answer 26

phosphates, lipids, cholesterol

Question 27

What elements make up the organic molecules that form Fats?

Answer 27

C, H, O

Question 28

What do physical fats in the body do?

Answer 28

they surround and protect vital organs and joints, fats underneath skin, and insulate the body

Question 29

What is the triglyceride fats structure?

Answer 29

a 3-C glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids (long chain of C's with an acid group at the end)

Question 30

What are saturated fats?

Answer 30

fats where all the carbon branches are filled with hydrogen

Question 31

What state are saturated fats in at room temperature?

Answer 31

solid

Question 32

What are some examples of saturated fats?

Answer 32

animals fat, butter, lard, hard margarines (saturated artificially)

Question 33

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 33

Fats where not all carbon branches are filled with hydrogen

Question 34

What state are unsaturated fats in at room temperature?

Answer 34

liquid

Question 35

What are some examples of unsaturated fats?

Answer 35

vegetable oil, nut oils, some fish oils, some margarines.

Question 36

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 36

cell membrane

Question 37

What is the phospholipid Bilayer made of?

Answer 37

A hydrophilic head (phosphate + nitrate + glycerol) and hyrdrophobic tail (2 fatty acids)

Question 38

Hydrophilic definition

Answer 38

water "loving"

Question 39

hydrophobic definition

Answer 39

water "fearing"

Question 40

What is cholesterol?

Answer 40

cholesterol is a soft, waxy lipid in body cells, arteries, veins and on cell membranes. It insulates nerves and produces vitamin D bile acids and hormones

Question 41

Where can cholesterol be found richly?

Answer 41

In meat, shellfish, whole-milk products, egg-yolks

Question 42

Where can cholesterol be obtained from?

Answer 42

External sources (food) but it can also be produced in the liver

Question 43

What are the two types of cholesterol? Which one is good and which one is bad?

Answer 43

HDL (good) LDL (bad)

Question 44

What is cholesterol carried by and where?

Answer 44

through the bloodstream by lipoproteins

Question 45

What is HDL cholesterol

Answer 45

high density lipoproteins. It is good.

Question 46

What is LDL cholesterol

Answer 46

low density lipoproteins bad cholesterol

Question 47

What does HDL (good cholesterol) do?

Answer 47

It is stable and carries LDL away from the arteries.

Question 48

What does LDL (bad) cholesterol do?

Answer 48

It sticks to the artery walls and contributes to plaque build up.

Question 49

Where are lipoproteins found?

Answer 49

in the blood

Question 50

What are lipoproteins made out of?

Answer 50

proteins and lipids (phospholipids) on the outside

Question 51

What do lipoproteins do?

Answer 51

transport fats (triglycerides and cholesterol in water-based bloodstream

Question 52

What do proteins provide?

Answer 52

structure within the body, muscles, skin, nails, hair, organs, cells membrance protein channels, anitbodies and enzymes

Question 53

What elements make up protein the organic molecules?

Answer 53

C(Carbon) H(hydrogen) O(oxygen) N(nitrogen)

Question 54

What are polypeptides broken down to? With the help of what

Answer 54

dipeptides and amino acids. digestive enzymes

Question 55

What are all proteins built from?

Answer 55

A set of 20 amino acids

Question 56

What are essential amino acids? How many are there?

Answer 56

amino acids not made in the body, so they must be obtained from food. There are 9

Question 57

What is a complete protein source?

Answer 57

protein that has enough (all) of the 9 essential amino acids

Question 58

What are examples of complete proteins

Answer 58

animal protein sources

Question 59

How do peptide bonds form?

Answer 59

When an amino group and carboxyl group come together a H20 molecule is removed and a peptide bond is formed.