Archaea and Eubacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

when one cell lives inside another

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2
Q

Endosymbiotic Theory

A

The current explanation that estimates how multicellular cells evolved

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3
Q

What are believed to be the first living things on Earth?

A

Archaea because they live in extreme conditions that mimic Earth’s early atmosphere

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4
Q

What are some examples of extreme conditions Archaea live in?

A

boiling/acidic water, super-salty pools, antarctic permanent ice,

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5
Q

What does Archaea mean?

A

early or primitive

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6
Q

Describe the relationship between Archaea and bacteria.

A

They are as different as they are from plants and animals

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7
Q

Are archaea cells made out of peptidoglycan?

A

NO. That is what makes bacteria cell walls

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8
Q

Where can Archaea be found?

A

EVERYWHERE, but excellent in extreme conditions unlike almost all other forms of life

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9
Q

What are some characteristics of Archaea?

A

They don’t require oxygen, they do not perform photosynthesis, they are anaerobic, they obtain their energy from inorganic molecules from the sun

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10
Q

Name the three types of Archaea.

A

Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles

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11
Q

What archaea produce methane?

A

Methanogens

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12
Q

Where are methanogens found?

A

In oxygen-free environments - marshes, sewage treatment plants and intestines of grass eating animals like cows

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13
Q

What do methanogens grow on?

A

carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas

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14
Q

What is the waste product of methanogens

A

methane - convert inorganic molecules

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15
Q

Which Archaea is salt-loving?

A

Halophiles

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16
Q

Where are halophiles found?

A

extremely saline environments, like the dead sea (35% saly - reg ocean 3.5%

17
Q

Where do halophiles get their energy from?

A

food molecules and light

18
Q

Define Thermoacidophiles.

A

The heat and acid-loving archaea

19
Q

What PH level can thermoacidophiles live in?

A

pH 1 or 2

19
Q

Which Archaea obtains bacteria from sulfur

A

thermoacidophiles

20
Q

How might one detect the presence of Archaea bacteria with the naked human eye?

A

Natural sites, like ponds with really cool and unnatural colours

21
Q

How can methanogens be used?

A

to help digest sewage and oil spills, an alternative energy source as they produce methane

22
Q

The inside of Archaea and what are they?

A

Archaea are prokaryotes and have a nucleoid region and lack organelles

23
Q

endosymbiont

A

a cell that lives within a host cell

24
Q

Serial endosymbiosis

A

supposes that mitochondria
evolved before plastids through a sequence of
endosymbiotic events