Archaea and Eubacteria Flashcards
Endosymbiosis
when one cell lives inside another
Endosymbiotic Theory
The current explanation that estimates how multicellular cells evolved
What are believed to be the first living things on Earth?
Archaea because they live in extreme conditions that mimic Earth’s early atmosphere
What are some examples of extreme conditions Archaea live in?
boiling/acidic water, super-salty pools, antarctic permanent ice,
What does Archaea mean?
early or primitive
Describe the relationship between Archaea and bacteria.
They are as different as they are from plants and animals
Are archaea cells made out of peptidoglycan?
NO. That is what makes bacteria cell walls
Where can Archaea be found?
EVERYWHERE, but excellent in extreme conditions unlike almost all other forms of life
What are some characteristics of Archaea?
They don’t require oxygen, they do not perform photosynthesis, they are anaerobic, they obtain their energy from inorganic molecules from the sun
Name the three types of Archaea.
Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles
What archaea produce methane?
Methanogens
Where are methanogens found?
In oxygen-free environments - marshes, sewage treatment plants and intestines of grass eating animals like cows
What do methanogens grow on?
carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas
What is the waste product of methanogens
methane - convert inorganic molecules
Which Archaea is salt-loving?
Halophiles
Where are halophiles found?
extremely saline environments, like the dead sea (35% saly - reg ocean 3.5%
Where do halophiles get their energy from?
food molecules and light
Define Thermoacidophiles.
The heat and acid-loving archaea
What PH level can thermoacidophiles live in?
pH 1 or 2
Which Archaea obtains bacteria from sulfur
thermoacidophiles
How might one detect the presence of Archaea bacteria with the naked human eye?
Natural sites, like ponds with really cool and unnatural colours
How can methanogens be used?
to help digest sewage and oil spills, an alternative energy source as they produce methane
The inside of Archaea and what are they?
Archaea are prokaryotes and have a nucleoid region and lack organelles
endosymbiont
a cell that lives within a host cell
Serial endosymbiosis
supposes that mitochondria
evolved before plastids through a sequence of
endosymbiotic events
