How Bacteria Cause Disease

Question 1

Define pathogenic bacteria.

Answer 1

a bacteria that can cuase death

Question 2

How do pathogenic bacteria cause death?

Answer 2

typically by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins

Question 3

This toxin can cause disease even when the bacteria that produces them is not present.

Answer 3

An exotoxin.

Question 4

What are some examples of exotoxins?

Answer 4

• botulinum toxin, produced by clostridium botulinum (canned goods that don’t have a proper seal)
• botox

Question 5

What are the three kinds of exotoxins?

Answer 5

cytotoxins, neurotoxins, enterotoxins

Question 6

What do cytotoxins do?

Answer 6

they kill cells

Question 7

What do neurotoxins do?

Answer 7

they interfere with normal nerve impulses - such as botulism clostridium botulinum - results in muscle paralysis

Question 8

What do enterotoxins do?

Answer 8

they affect cells lining to gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

What are toxoids?

Answer 9

something that is injected to stimulate the production of antitoxins and provide immunity (vaccine - diphtheria or tetanus)

Question 10

How are exotoxins deactivated?

Answer 10

The can be deactivated by heat or chemicals and can no longer cause disease and they can be used to create toxoids

Question 11

When are endotoxins released?

Answer 11

Endotoxins are released only when gram-negative bacteria die and their cell walls break down.

Question 12

What is the primary factor in pathogenicty or ability to cause disease?

Answer 12

Toxins

Question 13

How many known bacterial toxins are there?

Answer 13

2020

Question 14

What to toxins damage?

Answer 14

Half cause damage to the cell membrane.

Question 15

Yersinia Pestis

Answer 15

This is the bacteria that caused the bubonic plague.

Question 16

Describe the bacteria that causes the bubonic plague.

Answer 16

It is a Gram-negative rod-shaped coccobacillus.

Question 17

How is the bubonic plague transmitted?

Answer 17

Primarily by rats that are infected by fleas. The flea bites an infected rat than a human and infects the human.

Question 18

What is the fatality of the bubonic plague?

Answer 18

30-60% if left untreated

Question 19

When did the bubonic plague occur?

Answer 19

in the 14th century

Question 20

How many deaths did the bubonic plague cause?

Answer 20

between 100 and 200 million deaths - it was one of the most destructive pandemics in history

Question 21

What is usually used to treat a bacterial infection?

Answer 21

Antibiotics and Antibacterials

Question 22

What are the two ways antibiotics work?

Answer 22

Bacterial and Bacteriostatic

Question 23

Describe bacterial antibiotics.

Answer 23

An antibiotic that kills bacteria.

Question 24

Describe Bacteriostatic antibiotics.

Answer 24

Stops bacteria from multiplying.

Question 25

Where are antibiotics found?

Answer 25

Many antibiotics are naturally occurring chemicals by other microorganisms.

Question 26

How does Penicilin work?

Answer 26

It targets the bacterial cell wall and causing it to rupture. Many antibiotics target key bacterial functions or the ability to grow and divide.

Question 27

When does antibiotic resistance occur?

Answer 27

When populations of bacteria stop being sensitive to an antibiotic

Question 28

How do bacteria become antibiotic resistant.