Mehl. Notable teratogens + substance abuse 03-25 (1) Flashcards
M.
- Agent that causes malformations in the fetus.
- Not an exhaustive list. Point is to be HY, not superfluous.
- Fetus is most susceptible at 3-8 weeks’ gestation.
.
M. Renal issues. ?
ACE inhibitors
M. ACE inhibitors? 1
Renal issues.
M. Hearing issues.?
Aminoglycosides
M. Aminoglycosides?
Hearing issues.
M.
Neural tube defects (disrupt folate metabolism).
Fetal hydrantoin syndrome (fingernail/digital hypoplasia, facial anomalies)
Anti-epileptics
M. Anti-epileptics
Neural tube defects (disrupt folate metabolism).
Fetal hydrantoin syndrome (fingernail/digital hypoplasia, facial anomalies)
M. Aplasia cutis congenita, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia.?
Carbimazole/methimazole
M. Carbimazole/methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia.
M. Vaginal clear cell carcinoma 30-40 years later.?
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
M. Diethylstilbestrol (DES)? 1
Vaginal clear cell carcinoma 30-40 years later.
M. Craniofacial and cardiac abnormalities; cleft lip/palate.?
Isotretinoin
M. Isotretinoin? 2
Craniofacial and cardiac abnormalities; cleft lip/palate.
M. Ebstein anomaly (atrialization of right ventricle).?
Lithium
M. Lithium? 1
Ebstein anomaly (atrialization of right ventricle).
M. Neural tube defects.?
Methotrexate
M. Methotrexate? 1
Neural tube defects.
M. Premature closure of ductus arteriosus; oligohydramnios; inhibited labor.?
NSAIDs
M. NSAIDs? 3
Premature closure of ductus arteriosus; oligohydramnios; inhibited labor.
M. Craniofacial anomalies; growth deficits.?
Ribavirin
M. Ribavirin? 2
Craniofacial anomalies; growth deficits.
M. Fetal teeth discoloration; inhibition of bone growth?
Tetracyclines
M. Tetracyclines? 2
Fetal teeth discoloration; inhibition of bone growth
M. Phocomelia (severe flipper-like malformation of limbs). Was used frequently in the 1950s-60s to treat nausea in pregnancy.
Thalidomide
M. Thalidomide?
Phocomelia (severe flipper-like malformation of limbs). Was used frequently in the 1950s-60s to treat nausea in pregnancy.
M.
Bone and facial anomalies.
CNS defects like Dandy-Walker malformation (HY Neuroanatomy PDF).
Bleeding diathesis in fetus.
Warfarin
M. Warfarin?
- Bone and facial anomalies.
- CNS defects like Dandy-Walker malformation (HY Neuroanatomy PDF).
- Bleeding diathesis in fetus.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Most common cause of mental retardation?
Alcohol - cause fetal alcohol syndrome; most common cause of mental retardation
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Alcohol. What lips?
Thin vermillion border (thin upper lip).
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Alcohol. What cardio/pulmo?
Heart/lung defects (defective neural crest migration).
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Alcohol. what specific finding?
Smooth, flat, and/or elongated philtrum.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Alcohol. eyes?
Widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), midface hypoplasia, short nose.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Amphetamines + cocaine. in uterus? neuro?
IUGR; cognitive deficits.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Amphetamines + cocaine.
NBME can give long vignette of drug use, followed by ask what is most likely to occur in the pregnancy -> answer = “preterm delivery and birth.” Sounds non- specific and vague, but it’s still most likely in comparison to most other things.
.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Amphetamines + cocaine. incr risk for what?
Cocaine in particular also increases risk of abruptio placentae.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Anti-epileptics. disruption of what?
Neural tube defects (disrupt folate metabolism).
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Anti-epileptics. syndrome?
Fetal hydrantoin syndrome (fingernail/digital hypoplasia, facial anomalies).
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Heroin/opioids. CP?
Neonatal heroin/opioid withdrawal.
Piloerection (goosebumps), yawning, rhinorrhea.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. MDMA (ecstasy) uterus, neuro?
IUGR; cognitive deficits.
M. Substance abuse in pregnancy. Smoking. dysfunction?
IUGR and reduced IQ.
