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Medical Managemnet > Meds and Drugs > Flashcards

Meds and Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

If a patient is taking a antibiotic, determine the –

A

type of infection

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2
Q

Using broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline for an extended period of time can lead to –

A

excessive bleeding in invasive dental procedures

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3
Q

Antibiotics block the formation of – by inhibiting intestinal bacteria

A

vit K

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4
Q

If an antibiotic is needed as a premed, select one the is different to avoid —

A

problem of resistant oral organisms.

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5
Q

Warfarin, Coumarin and Coumadin are –

A

anticoagulants

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6
Q

Anticoagulants are used in cases of –

A

heart disease

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7
Q

Anticoagulants affect – and – which can result in —

A

clotting mechanisms and PT

Prolonged bleeding

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8
Q

Consult with doc of patient on anticoagulant to determine –

A

if dosage needs to be reduced

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9
Q

What is heparin?

A

anticoagulant

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10
Q

What drug is used to treat thromboembolism in hospital settings?

A

heparin

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11
Q

If a patient is on heparin and dialysis the patient should be seen when?

A

the next day so that heparin is gone and dialysis has cleaned the blood.

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12
Q

Delteparin, Fragmin, Enoxaparin, Lovenox are examples of –

A

low-molecular weight heparins

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13
Q

Does dental treatment have to be stopped when a patient is on a low-molecular weight heparin?

A

no

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14
Q

What is low-MW heparins used for?

A

prevent thrombosis in hospital patients and those with joint replacements and cancer

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15
Q

What is Fondaparinux?

A

synthetic inhibitor of Factor Xa

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16
Q

Does Fondaparinux require monitoring?

A

no

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17
Q

Which heparin requires monitoring?

A

Heparin, not low ME

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18
Q

Can dental treatment continue in patients using synthetic inhibitors of factor Xa?

A

yes

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19
Q

What are Rovaroxaban, Apizaban, and Edoxaban?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitors

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20
Q

What are direct factor Xa inhibitors used for?

A

to prevent thromboembolism in patients with replacements, atrial fibrillation

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21
Q

Do direct Xa factor inhibitors require monitoring?

A

no

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22
Q

How is warfarin monitored?

A

INR

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23
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vit K

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24
Q

How is Heparin monitored?

A

PPT

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25
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

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26
Q

What is the antidote for low-MW heparin?

A

protamine sulfate is a partial antidonte

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27
Q

Can dental treatment continue in patients on direct factor Xa inhibators?

A

yes

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28
Q

What are Dabigatran and Argatroban?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors

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29
Q

What are direct thrombin inhibitors used for?

A

to prevent thromboembolism in patients with joint replacements or atrial fibrillation.

30
Q

Do direct thrombin inhibitors require montior?

A

no

31
Q

Can dental treatment continue in patients taking direct thrombin inhibitors?

A

yes

32
Q

What are antiplatelet drugs used to treat and prevent?

A

arterial thrombi resulting in heart attack.

33
Q

What are the most common antiplatelet drugs?

A

aspirin, Clopidogrel

34
Q

For patient taking aspirin or clopidogrel a medical consult is needed for –

A

extensive surgical procedures where the patient might have to stop taking drug for 3-5 days prior

35
Q

What are antihistamines used for?

A

treat allergy, determine what allergen is.

36
Q

Actifed, benadryl, ChlorTrimeton, Coricidin, and Pheneran are —

A

antihistamines

37
Q

Antihistamines can lead to –

A

xerostomia

38
Q

Dyazide, Diuril, Lasix, Lopressor are examples of –

A

antihypertensives

39
Q

In patients taking antihypertensive meds avoid —

A

vasoconstrictors like epinephrine

40
Q

what may develop in patients taking antihypertensive meds?

A

oral lesions

41
Q

What is a common side effect of antihypersensives?

A

xerostomia

42
Q

What other side effects are associated with antihypertensive meds?

A

depression, fatigue, fainting

43
Q

– is a side effect that requires changing the patients chair position slowly and offering physical support when they rise from the chair

A

orthostatic hypotension

44
Q

If aspirin is used chronically it may cause –

A

hemorrhage

45
Q

Aspirin may have bad – with other drugs

A

interactions

46
Q

Avoid giving aspirin to patients with –

A

peptic ulcers

47
Q

Aristocort, Acthar, ACTH, Cortone, Dexadron are examples of –

A

steroids or cortisone

48
Q

If a patient is using steroids to treat chronic inflammation determine –

A

the type of condition

49
Q

Steroids inhibit – and may increase risk for –

A

healing process

infection

50
Q

A Premed might be needed for patients on steroids… you must –

A

consult with doc

51
Q

Avoid – in patients on steroids’.

A

trauma

52
Q

What are quinidine and digoxin for?

A

digitalis or meds for the heart

53
Q

What are early symptoms of drug toxicity in meds of the heart or digitalis?

A

headache, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, confusion.

54
Q

What drugs might increase a gag response and induce vomiting?

A

quinidine and digoxin

55
Q

What are Tegretol, Luminal, Depakene, Dilantin and Klonopin used for?

A

Meds to control seizures

56
Q

The use of – may result in gingival hyperplasia if plaque control is bad.

A

dilantin

57
Q

What are potential side effects of seizure meds?

A

xerostomia, increased risk of microbial infection, delayed healing and gingival bleeding

58
Q

What does insulin, glipozide, glyburide, metformin treat?

A

hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes

59
Q

When would a premed be needed for a diabetic?

A

in poorly controlled type 1

60
Q

What makes control of diabetes difficult and requires increased dosages ?

A

acute infection

61
Q

What does the use of nitroglycerin indicated?

A

angina

62
Q

What nitroglycerin protocol is suggested prior to local injection?

A

take 1 tablet

63
Q

Nitroglyn, nitro-bid, nitrostat, Isirdil are —

A

nitroglycerin

64
Q

If a patient is taking a tranquilizer or sedative —

A

find out why

65
Q

Valium, librium, equanil, valmid are examples of

A

tranqs or sedatives for pain control

66
Q

In patients who are taking sedatives, rx —

A

no additional sedative

67
Q

When should sedatives be used with caution to avoid respiratory depression?

A

chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)

68
Q

Sedatives should be avoid in –

A

pregnant women

69
Q

LSD, coke and meth are –

A

hallucinogens

70
Q

Coke and meth react with vasoconstrictors in local injections to produce – or –

A

cardiac arrhythmias or increased BP

71
Q

Instruct patient to avoid use of coke and meth for – prior to dental treatment and until convalescent period is over.

A

1 week

72
Q

Patients who use hallucinogens’ may be – and have –

A

Hep carrier

chronic liver disease or HIV

Medical Managemnet (13 decks)

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