Meds and Drugs Flashcards
If a patient is taking a antibiotic, determine the –
type of infection
Using broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline for an extended period of time can lead to –
excessive bleeding in invasive dental procedures
Antibiotics block the formation of – by inhibiting intestinal bacteria
vit K
If an antibiotic is needed as a premed, select one the is different to avoid —
problem of resistant oral organisms.
Warfarin, Coumarin and Coumadin are –
anticoagulants
Anticoagulants are used in cases of –
heart disease
Anticoagulants affect – and – which can result in —
clotting mechanisms and PT
Prolonged bleeding
Consult with doc of patient on anticoagulant to determine –
if dosage needs to be reduced
What is heparin?
anticoagulant
What drug is used to treat thromboembolism in hospital settings?
heparin
If a patient is on heparin and dialysis the patient should be seen when?
the next day so that heparin is gone and dialysis has cleaned the blood.
Delteparin, Fragmin, Enoxaparin, Lovenox are examples of –
low-molecular weight heparins
Does dental treatment have to be stopped when a patient is on a low-molecular weight heparin?
no
What is low-MW heparins used for?
prevent thrombosis in hospital patients and those with joint replacements and cancer
What is Fondaparinux?
synthetic inhibitor of Factor Xa
Does Fondaparinux require monitoring?
no
Which heparin requires monitoring?
Heparin, not low ME
Can dental treatment continue in patients using synthetic inhibitors of factor Xa?
yes
What are Rovaroxaban, Apizaban, and Edoxaban?
direct factor Xa inhibitors
What are direct factor Xa inhibitors used for?
to prevent thromboembolism in patients with replacements, atrial fibrillation
Do direct Xa factor inhibitors require monitoring?
no
How is warfarin monitored?
INR
What is the antidote for warfarin?
Vit K
How is Heparin monitored?
PPT
What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
What is the antidote for low-MW heparin?
protamine sulfate is a partial antidonte
Can dental treatment continue in patients on direct factor Xa inhibators?
yes
What are Dabigatran and Argatroban?
Direct thrombin inhibitors
What are direct thrombin inhibitors used for?
to prevent thromboembolism in patients with joint replacements or atrial fibrillation.
Do direct thrombin inhibitors require montior?
no
Can dental treatment continue in patients taking direct thrombin inhibitors?
yes
What are antiplatelet drugs used to treat and prevent?
arterial thrombi resulting in heart attack.
What are the most common antiplatelet drugs?
aspirin, Clopidogrel
For patient taking aspirin or clopidogrel a medical consult is needed for –
extensive surgical procedures where the patient might have to stop taking drug for 3-5 days prior
What are antihistamines used for?
treat allergy, determine what allergen is.
Actifed, benadryl, ChlorTrimeton, Coricidin, and Pheneran are —
antihistamines
Antihistamines can lead to –
xerostomia
Dyazide, Diuril, Lasix, Lopressor are examples of –
antihypertensives
In patients taking antihypertensive meds avoid —
vasoconstrictors like epinephrine
what may develop in patients taking antihypertensive meds?
oral lesions
What is a common side effect of antihypersensives?
xerostomia
What other side effects are associated with antihypertensive meds?
depression, fatigue, fainting
– is a side effect that requires changing the patients chair position slowly and offering physical support when they rise from the chair
orthostatic hypotension
If aspirin is used chronically it may cause –
hemorrhage
Aspirin may have bad – with other drugs
interactions
Avoid giving aspirin to patients with –
peptic ulcers
Aristocort, Acthar, ACTH, Cortone, Dexadron are examples of –
steroids or cortisone
If a patient is using steroids to treat chronic inflammation determine –
the type of condition
Steroids inhibit – and may increase risk for –
healing process
infection
A Premed might be needed for patients on steroids… you must –
consult with doc
Avoid – in patients on steroids’.
trauma
What are quinidine and digoxin for?
digitalis or meds for the heart
What are early symptoms of drug toxicity in meds of the heart or digitalis?
headache, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, confusion.
What drugs might increase a gag response and induce vomiting?
quinidine and digoxin
What are Tegretol, Luminal, Depakene, Dilantin and Klonopin used for?
Meds to control seizures
The use of – may result in gingival hyperplasia if plaque control is bad.
dilantin
What are potential side effects of seizure meds?
xerostomia, increased risk of microbial infection, delayed healing and gingival bleeding
What does insulin, glipozide, glyburide, metformin treat?
hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes
When would a premed be needed for a diabetic?
in poorly controlled type 1
What makes control of diabetes difficult and requires increased dosages ?
acute infection
What does the use of nitroglycerin indicated?
angina
What nitroglycerin protocol is suggested prior to local injection?
take 1 tablet
Nitroglyn, nitro-bid, nitrostat, Isirdil are —
nitroglycerin
If a patient is taking a tranquilizer or sedative —
find out why
Valium, librium, equanil, valmid are examples of
tranqs or sedatives for pain control
In patients who are taking sedatives, rx —
no additional sedative
When should sedatives be used with caution to avoid respiratory depression?
chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
Sedatives should be avoid in –
pregnant women
LSD, coke and meth are –
hallucinogens
Coke and meth react with vasoconstrictors in local injections to produce – or –
cardiac arrhythmias or increased BP
Instruct patient to avoid use of coke and meth for – prior to dental treatment and until convalescent period is over.
1 week
Patients who use hallucinogens’ may be – and have –
Hep carrier
chronic liver disease or HIV
