Endocrine System Flashcards
what is hyperglycemia
elevated level of glucose in the blood
what is the chronic disorder of carb metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and premature macrovascular disease?
diabetes
Diabetes is due to the inadequate production or use of –
insulin
Symptoms of diabetes include –
thirst, hunger, pee a lot, weight loss and frequent infections
Women with a history of miscarriages, stillbirths and large babies might be at risk for –
diabetes
The most common form of diabetes is type –
2
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
diet and exercise with oral hypoglycemic meds. Insulin in later stages
Insulin cannot be taken orally to lower blood sugar because –
stomach acids interfere with insulins action.
Insulin pumps dispense rapid-acting insulin automatically so there is not need for – inculin
long-acting
What are the acute complications for daibetics?
hypoglycemia (insulin shock) and hyperglycemia (diabetic coma)
Patients taking insulin are prone to – in the dental office.
hypoglycemia
In addition to confirming the patients dietary habits, a – should be around
oral carb
Chronic complications of diabetes involve diseases of the large and small –, –, –.
blood vessels, increased infection, impaied hearing.
Large blood supply diseases lead to what is called arteriosclerosis?
insufficient blood to areas of th ebody
Small blood vessel diseases lead to –, –, –, and –
blindness, hypertension, kidney failure, amputation.
The – status of patients with diabetes should be monitored.
periodontal
– and– are of concern when considering periodontal therapy in uncontrolled diabetic patients.
delayed wound healing, increased risk for infection
What causes abnormal thyroid function?
iodine deficiency or from under or over activity of the thyroid gland
Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are needed for normal – and –
growth and devleopment
Enzymes systems are modulated by –
thyroid hormones
What is due to the deficient secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in low basal metabolism?
hypothyroidism
what are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
mental or physical slowness, weight gain, slow pulse, dilation of the heart, weakness of muscles, dry skin/hair or edema.
Patients with hypothyroidism pose – management concerns
minimal
what is due to the excessive amount of thyroid hormones circulating the body?
hyperthyroidism
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
exaggerated everything
Patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism are sensitive to stress and the use of – is a contraindication.
epinephrine
What two conditions result in hyperthroidism?
grave’s disease and toxic nodular goiter
Graves disease is seen in – and results in an enlarged, vascular thyroid and – of eyeballs
young adults
protrusion
Toxic nodular goiters results in nodules forming within the thyroid gland which spontaneously secrete –
excessive amounts of the thyroid hornomes.
What conditions of diabetes indicate medical consult?
if it is uncontrolled
patients who have it but arent receiving care
extensive dental treatments
if dosages need adjusted because of a prolonged appointment
what dental treatment modifications needed to be made for patients with diabetes?
avoid tissue trauma, minimize stress, schedule after meals, frequent recalls for disease prevention
What are complications of diabetes?
hypertension, angina, kidney failure, congestive heart failure
When would a diabetic patient need a premed?
surgery in poorly controlled patients
What drugs are to be avoided in patients with diabetes?
general anesthetic
epinephrine in large doses
what are potential emergency situations for diabetics?
hyper or hypoglycemia
When would a patient with thyroid disease need a medical consult?
if they have a thyroid dysfunctions and havent received treatment to establish a normal level of circulating hormones
What dental modifications are needed if a patient has a large goiter?
position upright to avoid breathing trouble
are premeds needed for thyroid problems?
no
What drugs are to be avoided for a patient with hyperthyroidism?
No Atropine- increase heart rate
No Epinephrine-stimulate cardiovascular system and cause arrhythmia or thyroid storm
What drugs should be avoided in patients with hypothyroidism?
Barbiturates and Tranqulizers due to sensitivity to depressant actions
What potential emergency situation can arise in the hyperthyroidism patient?
thyroid storm or crisis cardiac
what emergency situation can arise in the hypothyroidism patient?
congestive heart failure
