Endocrine System

Question 1

what is hyperglycemia

Answer 1

elevated level of glucose in the blood

Question 2

what is the chronic disorder of carb metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and premature macrovascular disease?

Answer 2

diabetes

Question 3

Diabetes is due to the inadequate production or use of –

Answer 3

insulin

Question 4

Symptoms of diabetes include –

Answer 4

thirst, hunger, pee a lot, weight loss and frequent infections

Question 5

Women with a history of miscarriages, stillbirths and large babies might be at risk for –

Answer 5

diabetes

Question 6

The most common form of diabetes is type –

Answer 6

2

Question 7

How is type 2 diabetes treated?

Answer 7

diet and exercise with oral hypoglycemic meds. Insulin in later stages

Question 8

Insulin cannot be taken orally to lower blood sugar because –

Answer 8

stomach acids interfere with insulins action.

Question 9

Insulin pumps dispense rapid-acting insulin automatically so there is not need for – inculin

Answer 9

long-acting

Question 10

What are the acute complications for daibetics?

Answer 10

hypoglycemia (insulin shock) and hyperglycemia (diabetic coma)

Question 11

Patients taking insulin are prone to – in the dental office.

Answer 11

hypoglycemia

Question 12

In addition to confirming the patients dietary habits, a – should be around

Answer 12

oral carb

Question 13

Chronic complications of diabetes involve diseases of the large and small –, –, –.

Answer 13

blood vessels, increased infection, impaied hearing.

Question 14

Large blood supply diseases lead to what is called arteriosclerosis?

Answer 14

insufficient blood to areas of th ebody

Question 15

Small blood vessel diseases lead to –, –, –, and –

Answer 15

blindness, hypertension, kidney failure, amputation.

Question 16

The – status of patients with diabetes should be monitored.

Answer 16

periodontal

Question 17

– and– are of concern when considering periodontal therapy in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

Answer 17

delayed wound healing, increased risk for infection

Question 18

What causes abnormal thyroid function?

Answer 18

iodine deficiency or from under or over activity of the thyroid gland

Question 19

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are needed for normal – and –

Answer 19

growth and devleopment

Question 20

Enzymes systems are modulated by –

Answer 20

thyroid hormones

Question 21

What is due to the deficient secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in low basal metabolism?

Answer 21

hypothyroidism

Question 22

what are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 22

mental or physical slowness, weight gain, slow pulse, dilation of the heart, weakness of muscles, dry skin/hair or edema.

Question 23

Patients with hypothyroidism pose – management concerns

Answer 23

minimal

Question 24

what is due to the excessive amount of thyroid hormones circulating the body?

Answer 24

hyperthyroidism

Question 25

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 25

exaggerated everything

Question 26

Patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism are sensitive to stress and the use of – is a contraindication.

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

What two conditions result in hyperthroidism?

Answer 27

grave’s disease and toxic nodular goiter

Question 28

Graves disease is seen in – and results in an enlarged, vascular thyroid and – of eyeballs

Answer 28

young adults

protrusion

Question 29

Toxic nodular goiters results in nodules forming within the thyroid gland which spontaneously secrete –

Answer 29

excessive amounts of the thyroid hornomes.

Question 30

What conditions of diabetes indicate medical consult?

Answer 30

if it is uncontrolled
patients who have it but arent receiving care
extensive dental treatments
if dosages need adjusted because of a prolonged appointment

Question 31

what dental treatment modifications needed to be made for patients with diabetes?

Answer 31

avoid tissue trauma, minimize stress, schedule after meals, frequent recalls for disease prevention

Question 32

What are complications of diabetes?

Answer 32

hypertension, angina, kidney failure, congestive heart failure

Question 33

When would a diabetic patient need a premed?

Answer 33

surgery in poorly controlled patients

Question 34

What drugs are to be avoided in patients with diabetes?

Answer 34

general anesthetic

epinephrine in large doses

Question 35

what are potential emergency situations for diabetics?

Answer 35

hyper or hypoglycemia

Question 36

When would a patient with thyroid disease need a medical consult?

Answer 36

if they have a thyroid dysfunctions and havent received treatment to establish a normal level of circulating hormones

Question 37

What dental modifications are needed if a patient has a large goiter?

Answer 37

position upright to avoid breathing trouble

Question 38

are premeds needed for thyroid problems?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

What drugs are to be avoided for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 39

No Atropine- increase heart rate

No Epinephrine-stimulate cardiovascular system and cause arrhythmia or thyroid storm

Question 40

What drugs should be avoided in patients with hypothyroidism?

Answer 40

Barbiturates and Tranqulizers due to sensitivity to depressant actions

Question 41

What potential emergency situation can arise in the hyperthyroidism patient?

Answer 41

thyroid storm or crisis cardiac

Question 42

what emergency situation can arise in the hypothyroidism patient?

Answer 42

congestive heart failure