Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
what describes an open lesion in the stomach or duodenum?
stomach ulcer
what is a stomach ulcer referred to medically?
peptic ulcer
How do peptic ulcers develop?
from chronic acid secretions and infection with H. pylori.
Stomach ulcers affect up to –% of the population in the US
15
What drugs treat peptic ulcers?
H2 histamine antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Prostaglandin
Antibiotics
what drug group? Tagamet, Zantax, Pepcid
H2 histamine inhibators
what drug group? Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium
proton pump inhibitors
what drug group? Cytotec
prostaglandin
what drug group? clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole
antibiotics
what is the first line of therapy for peptic ulcers?
proton pump inhibitor and 2 antibiotics
what is the most common symptom
pain 1-3 hrs after meals
Some of the medications used to treat ulcers cause –
xerostomia
What occurs when acid liquid is raised from the stomach, causing a sensation of burning in the esophagus?
heartburn
In severe cases of heartburn damage can occur to the – and –
esophagus
enamel of teeth
What can be mistaken as heartburn?
serious cardiac conditions
What should be done if a patient has indicated a recurrence of heartburn?
Determine if patient has sought medical care and if treatment is needed. Advise patient to seek care if they have not
What can also cause irritation to the soft tissues of the larynx?
acid reflux
What are the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux?
cough, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, mucous
how is laryngopharyngeal reflux treated?
proton pump inhibitors to decrease stomach acid production
Patients with a history of — could be carriers and transmit it to dental professionals or other patients.
viral hepatitis
what is inflammation of the liver with the viral or toxic origin called?
hepatitis
What is manifested in hepatitis?
jaundice and enlarged liver
What condition is characterized by yellowness of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and fluids?
jaundice
what is jaundice due to?
excess bilirubin in th eblood
Why should jaundice be identified?
symptom of hepatitis and relates to liver disease and dysfunction
What are the carrier types of hepatitis?
B, D, C
What type of hepatitis is transmitted through stool and has little significance in dentistry?
Hep A
What type of hepatitis is transmitted through the absorption of infective blood or saliva?
Hep B and V
What hep type has a vaccine?
Hep B
What allows for our safety?
strict infection protocols
Patients with chronic hepatitis many have impaired liver function which could result in – or –
prolonged bleeding
inability to metabolize drugs like anesthetics and analgesics.
What can cause complications such as suppression of the immune system with medications, organ rejection, oral infections, cancer, and other medication side effects?
liver transplants
What conditions regarding heartburn and ulcers indicate medical consult?
unexplained stomach pain, frequent heartburn, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, lingual enamel erosion.
What dental modifications are needed for patients with stomach ulcers and heartburn?
Reduce anxiety
Salivary substitute
Are premeds needed for heartburn and stomach ulcer patients?
no
What potential emergency situations are there for patients with stomach ulcers or heartburn?
none
What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have stomach ulcers or heartburn?
No NSAIDs-irritate GI tract
If xerostomia, no alcohol products like rinses.
What conditions in patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease indicate medical consult?
Patients with active hepatitis
Patients who dont know their bleeding tendency and ability to metabolize drugs
Do you perform routine elective care on a patient with active hepatitis?
no
What must be done if liver damage is suspected?
minimize use of drugs metabolized by the liver and reduce dosage if you must use those drugs.
Do patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease need a premed?
No
If liver damage exists what drugs are avoided? specifically
acetaminophen, narcotics, barbiturates, any other drug listed by doctor. Minimize local anesthetic used.
What are the potential emergency situation for a patient with liver damage?
Hemorrhaging
All patients who have had a liver transplant need a medical consult to determine what 4 things?
need for Premed
need to modify meds or dosage
bleeding time and prothrombin time
need for steroids’ during treatment
Prior to liver transplant what must should you do?
establish stable oral and dental status free of active disease.
In patients with a liver transplant provide – only for 3 months post transplantation.
emergency treatment
You must monitor – at each appointment for patients who have had a liver transplant
blood pressure
what should recall look like for patients who had a liver transplant?
3-6 months for prevention of dental disease
What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have had a liver transplant?
any drugs and medications listed by their doctor
Do patients who have had a liver transplant need a premed?
docs will prescribe even though no evidence in stable patients. May be a benefit in patients with failing transplants or immunocompromised patients.
