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Medical Managemnet > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what describes an open lesion in the stomach or duodenum?

A

stomach ulcer

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2
Q

what is a stomach ulcer referred to medically?

A

peptic ulcer

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3
Q

How do peptic ulcers develop?

A

from chronic acid secretions and infection with H. pylori.

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4
Q

Stomach ulcers affect up to –% of the population in the US

A

15

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5
Q

What drugs treat peptic ulcers?

A

H2 histamine antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Prostaglandin
Antibiotics

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6
Q

what drug group? Tagamet, Zantax, Pepcid

A

H2 histamine inhibators

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7
Q

what drug group? Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium

A

proton pump inhibitors

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8
Q

what drug group? Cytotec

A

prostaglandin

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9
Q

what drug group? clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole

A

antibiotics

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10
Q

what is the first line of therapy for peptic ulcers?

A

proton pump inhibitor and 2 antibiotics

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11
Q

what is the most common symptom

A

pain 1-3 hrs after meals

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12
Q

Some of the medications used to treat ulcers cause –

A

xerostomia

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13
Q

What occurs when acid liquid is raised from the stomach, causing a sensation of burning in the esophagus?

A

heartburn

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14
Q

In severe cases of heartburn damage can occur to the – and –

A

esophagus

enamel of teeth

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15
Q

What can be mistaken as heartburn?

A

serious cardiac conditions

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16
Q

What should be done if a patient has indicated a recurrence of heartburn?

A

Determine if patient has sought medical care and if treatment is needed. Advise patient to seek care if they have not

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17
Q

What can also cause irritation to the soft tissues of the larynx?

A

acid reflux

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux?

A

cough, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, mucous

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19
Q

how is laryngopharyngeal reflux treated?

A

proton pump inhibitors to decrease stomach acid production

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20
Q

Patients with a history of — could be carriers and transmit it to dental professionals or other patients.

A

viral hepatitis

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21
Q

what is inflammation of the liver with the viral or toxic origin called?

A

hepatitis

22
Q

What is manifested in hepatitis?

A

jaundice and enlarged liver

23
Q

What condition is characterized by yellowness of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and fluids?

A

jaundice

24
Q

what is jaundice due to?

A

excess bilirubin in th eblood

25
Q

Why should jaundice be identified?

A

symptom of hepatitis and relates to liver disease and dysfunction

26
Q

What are the carrier types of hepatitis?

A

B, D, C

27
Q

What type of hepatitis is transmitted through stool and has little significance in dentistry?

A

Hep A

28
Q

What type of hepatitis is transmitted through the absorption of infective blood or saliva?

A

Hep B and V

29
Q

What hep type has a vaccine?

A

Hep B

30
Q

What allows for our safety?

A

strict infection protocols

31
Q

Patients with chronic hepatitis many have impaired liver function which could result in – or –

A

prolonged bleeding

inability to metabolize drugs like anesthetics and analgesics.

32
Q

What can cause complications such as suppression of the immune system with medications, organ rejection, oral infections, cancer, and other medication side effects?

A

liver transplants

33
Q

What conditions regarding heartburn and ulcers indicate medical consult?

A

unexplained stomach pain, frequent heartburn, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, lingual enamel erosion.

34
Q

What dental modifications are needed for patients with stomach ulcers and heartburn?

A

Reduce anxiety

Salivary substitute

35
Q

Are premeds needed for heartburn and stomach ulcer patients?

A

no

36
Q

What potential emergency situations are there for patients with stomach ulcers or heartburn?

A

none

37
Q

What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have stomach ulcers or heartburn?

A

No NSAIDs-irritate GI tract

If xerostomia, no alcohol products like rinses.

38
Q

What conditions in patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease indicate medical consult?

A

Patients with active hepatitis

Patients who dont know their bleeding tendency and ability to metabolize drugs

39
Q

Do you perform routine elective care on a patient with active hepatitis?

A

no

40
Q

What must be done if liver damage is suspected?

A

minimize use of drugs metabolized by the liver and reduce dosage if you must use those drugs.

41
Q

Do patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease need a premed?

A

No

42
Q

If liver damage exists what drugs are avoided? specifically

A

acetaminophen, narcotics, barbiturates, any other drug listed by doctor. Minimize local anesthetic used.

43
Q

What are the potential emergency situation for a patient with liver damage?

A

Hemorrhaging

44
Q

All patients who have had a liver transplant need a medical consult to determine what 4 things?

A

need for Premed
need to modify meds or dosage
bleeding time and prothrombin time
need for steroids’ during treatment

45
Q

Prior to liver transplant what must should you do?

A

establish stable oral and dental status free of active disease.

46
Q

In patients with a liver transplant provide – only for 3 months post transplantation.

A

emergency treatment

47
Q

You must monitor – at each appointment for patients who have had a liver transplant

A

blood pressure

48
Q

what should recall look like for patients who had a liver transplant?

A

3-6 months for prevention of dental disease

49
Q

What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have had a liver transplant?

A

any drugs and medications listed by their doctor

50
Q

Do patients who have had a liver transplant need a premed?

A

docs will prescribe even though no evidence in stable patients. May be a benefit in patients with failing transplants or immunocompromised patients.

Medical Managemnet (13 decks)

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