Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

what describes an open lesion in the stomach or duodenum?

Answer 1

stomach ulcer

Question 2

what is a stomach ulcer referred to medically?

Answer 2

peptic ulcer

Question 3

How do peptic ulcers develop?

Answer 3

from chronic acid secretions and infection with H. pylori.

Question 4

Stomach ulcers affect up to –% of the population in the US

Answer 4

15

Question 5

What drugs treat peptic ulcers?

Answer 5

H2 histamine antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Prostaglandin
Antibiotics

Question 6

what drug group? Tagamet, Zantax, Pepcid

Answer 6

H2 histamine inhibators

Question 7

what drug group? Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium

Answer 7

proton pump inhibitors

Question 8

what drug group? Cytotec

Answer 8

prostaglandin

Question 9

what drug group? clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole

Answer 9

antibiotics

Question 10

what is the first line of therapy for peptic ulcers?

Answer 10

proton pump inhibitor and 2 antibiotics

Question 11

what is the most common symptom

Answer 11

pain 1-3 hrs after meals

Question 12

Some of the medications used to treat ulcers cause –

Answer 12

xerostomia

Question 13

What occurs when acid liquid is raised from the stomach, causing a sensation of burning in the esophagus?

Answer 13

heartburn

Question 14

In severe cases of heartburn damage can occur to the – and –

Answer 14

esophagus

enamel of teeth

Question 15

What can be mistaken as heartburn?

Answer 15

serious cardiac conditions

Question 16

What should be done if a patient has indicated a recurrence of heartburn?

Answer 16

Determine if patient has sought medical care and if treatment is needed. Advise patient to seek care if they have not

Question 17

What can also cause irritation to the soft tissues of the larynx?

Answer 17

acid reflux

Question 18

What are the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux?

Answer 18

cough, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, mucous

Question 19

how is laryngopharyngeal reflux treated?

Answer 19

proton pump inhibitors to decrease stomach acid production

Question 20

Patients with a history of — could be carriers and transmit it to dental professionals or other patients.

Answer 20

viral hepatitis

Question 21

what is inflammation of the liver with the viral or toxic origin called?

Answer 21

hepatitis

Question 22

What is manifested in hepatitis?

Answer 22

jaundice and enlarged liver

Question 23

What condition is characterized by yellowness of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and fluids?

Answer 23

jaundice

Question 24

what is jaundice due to?

Answer 24

excess bilirubin in th eblood

Question 25

Why should jaundice be identified?

Answer 25

symptom of hepatitis and relates to liver disease and dysfunction

Question 26

What are the carrier types of hepatitis?

Answer 26

B, D, C

Question 27

What type of hepatitis is transmitted through stool and has little significance in dentistry?

Answer 27

Hep A

Question 28

What type of hepatitis is transmitted through the absorption of infective blood or saliva?

Answer 28

Hep B and V

Question 29

What hep type has a vaccine?

Answer 29

Hep B

Question 30

What allows for our safety?

Answer 30

strict infection protocols

Question 31

Patients with chronic hepatitis many have impaired liver function which could result in -- or --

Answer 31

prolonged bleeding | inability to metabolize drugs like anesthetics and analgesics.

Question 32

What can cause complications such as suppression of the immune system with medications, organ rejection, oral infections, cancer, and other medication side effects?

Answer 32

liver transplants

Question 33

What conditions regarding heartburn and ulcers indicate medical consult?

Answer 33

unexplained stomach pain, frequent heartburn, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, lingual enamel erosion.

Question 34

What dental modifications are needed for patients with stomach ulcers and heartburn?

Answer 34

Reduce anxiety | Salivary substitute

Question 35

Are premeds needed for heartburn and stomach ulcer patients?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

What potential emergency situations are there for patients with stomach ulcers or heartburn?

Answer 36

none

Question 37

What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have stomach ulcers or heartburn?

Answer 37

No NSAIDs-irritate GI tract | If xerostomia, no alcohol products like rinses.

Question 38

What conditions in patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease indicate medical consult?

Answer 38

Patients with active hepatitis | Patients who dont know their bleeding tendency and ability to metabolize drugs

Question 39

Do you perform routine elective care on a patient with active hepatitis?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

What must be done if liver damage is suspected?

Answer 40

minimize use of drugs metabolized by the liver and reduce dosage if you must use those drugs.

Question 41

Do patients with Hepatitis, jaundice or liver disease need a premed?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

If liver damage exists what drugs are avoided? specifically

Answer 42

acetaminophen, narcotics, barbiturates, any other drug listed by doctor. Minimize local anesthetic used.

Question 43

What are the potential emergency situation for a patient with liver damage?

Answer 43

Hemorrhaging

Question 44

All patients who have had a liver transplant need a medical consult to determine what 4 things?

Answer 44

need for Premed need to modify meds or dosage bleeding time and prothrombin time need for steroids' during treatment

Question 45

Prior to liver transplant what must should you do?

Answer 45

establish stable oral and dental status free of active disease.

Question 46

In patients with a liver transplant provide -- only for 3 months post transplantation.

Answer 46

emergency treatment

Question 47

You must monitor -- at each appointment for patients who have had a liver transplant

Answer 47

blood pressure

Question 48

what should recall look like for patients who had a liver transplant?

Answer 48

3-6 months for prevention of dental disease

Question 49

What drugs are to be avoided in patients who have had a liver transplant?

Answer 49

any drugs and medications listed by their doctor

Question 50

Do patients who have had a liver transplant need a premed?

Answer 50

docs will prescribe even though no evidence in stable patients. May be a benefit in patients with failing transplants or immunocompromised patients.