Genito-Urinary System Flashcards
Symptoms such as lower back pain, disturbance when urinating, blood or pus in pee, enlargement of the kidneys or edema might suggest what problem?
kidney disorder
What is the inflammation of the renal glomeruli which affects kidney function called?
Glomerulonephritis
What demographic does glomerulonephritis occur in?
children and teens
What is a onset symptom of glomerulonephtitis
strep throat 1-3 weeks prior
Glomerulonephritis can cause —
renal damage
Chronic glomerulonephritis can be complicated by –
hypertension
If both kidneys are unfunctional the patient requires a –
transplant
Most patients who have had a kidney transplant have – kidneys.
3, two nonfunctional and one functional
Why are patients who have undergone a kidney transplant more prone to infection?
the meds needed to prevent rejection suppress the immune system
What is a side effect of kidney antitransplant rejection meds?
hypertension
It is important for dental professionals to monitor – in patients with kidney transplants.
blood pressure-when blood pressure is unidentified you must refer.
In end-stage renal disease both kidneys are nonfunctional and the patient can be kept alive by using a —
artificial kidney machine-dialysis
In patients with dialysis a arteriovenous fistula is used to connect the patient to the machine and can be a site of – similar to –
infection
bacterial endocarditis
Most infections are caused by skin bacteria not – from the oral cavity.
organisms
During dialysis, the patient is given heparin to –
stop blood from clotting
The effect of heparin takes – to wear off
4 hrs
The process of dialysis may damage –
platelets
Patients should not receive dental treatment while on dialysis, instead delay treatment until –
the day after dialysis
Being on dialysis increases a patients risk for developing –
hep B or C
Questions need to be asked of patients on dialysis to determine a history of –
viral hep, or chronic liver disease
What are three common venereal diseases?
gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes
What is a contagious infection of the genital mucosa of both genders?
gonorrhea
How do you treat gonorrhea?
cefixime, ceftiaxone, azithromycin, spectinomycin
What is caused by the direct contact with moist surfaces of the body of a person in an infectious state, contact with contaminated materials, transfusion of infected blood or plasma, or passage of an organism from mother to fetus?
syphilis
In syphilis the organism enter through –
broken skin or mucous membrane
What is the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis?
penicillin
Patients undergoing treatment for primary or secondary syphilis are –
potentially infectious
Patients can maintain seropositive for syphilis up to – after treatment.
1 year
Antibiotics are not effective in – syphilis
tertiary
Patients with tertiary syphilis are seropositive but not –
infective
Genital herpes is transmitted by –, or –
direct sexual contact
mother to newborn
The virus of genital herpes remains in the body creating –
periodic recurrent infections
Genial herpes has no cure, however, –, –, and – have been able to relive symptoms and shorten duration of disease. They do not eliminate the virus or affect recurrence.
zovirax, famvir, valtrex
In pregnant women –, – ,and – are within the first trimester.
fatigue, nausea, syncope
pregnant women often develop a functional –
heart murmur
The hormonal changes of pregnancy often create exaggerated inflammatory response of – resulting in – or –
gingival tissues
pregnancy gingivitis
pregnancy tumors
Chair positions may need to be altered for women in the – trimester
third trimester
A nursing mother can transmit trace amounts of – or – administered through dental procedures
drugs or meds
Dental professionals should select drugs and meds in nursing mothers carefully to avoid –
harming infant
It is advised to consult with nursing patients doc about –
dosages
IF a patients has had a miscarriage or stillbirth or a baby with low birth weight that patient might be in the beginning stages of an –
endocrine disorder such as diabetes.
A history of menstrual bleeding or use of oral birth control might indicate –
bleeding problems
repeated loss of blood during menstruation may result in – or –
mild anemia or iron deficiency
After menopause women can experience –
osteoporosis- thinning of the bones
To prevent osteoporosis after menopause patients are given – and treated with –
calcium
bisphosphonates
Boniva, Fosamax and actonel are all –
oral bisphosphonates
A complication of oral bisphosphonates is –
osteonecrosis of the jaw
Osteonecrosis of the jaw is cause by dental procedures such as –, resulting in an area of necrosis. Common in the –.
extractions
mandible
Treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw consists of –, – ,–
antimicrobial rinses, systemic antibiotics, and minimally invasive dental therapies
Patients who have a penile implant may be at risk for –
infection
For patients with penile implants a doctor consult is suggested to determine need for –
premed
For patients with kidney disease what conditions indicate a medical consult?
history of renal failure
history of glomerulonephritis
For patients with kidney disease what are two modifications to dental treatment?
avoid trauma to soft tissues because of hemorrhage
monitor BP
For patients with a kidney disorder what conditions indicate premed?
Glomerulonephritis
For patients with a kidney disorder what drugs are to be avoided?
Tetracycline, aspirin, NSAIDs will increase the blood urea nitrogen
For patients with a kidney disorder what medical emergency situations might arise>
none
For patients with a kidney transplant what conditions indicate a medical consult?
Tranplants
For patients with dialysis why is a medical consult needed?
for determining the selection of meds and dosages
What dental modifications are needed for patients with dialysis?
standard precautions for hepatitis virus transmission prevention. emphasize oral hygiene and disease prevention
Do kidney transplant patients need a premed>
yes
What drugs should be avoided for patients with kidney transplants or dialysis?
drugs that are metabolized by the kidneys or nephrotoxic drugs
What potential emergency situation arise from patients with a kidney transplant or dialysis?
excessive bleeding
What condition of venereal disease indicated medical consult?
tertiary syphilis
What dental modifications are needed for patients with syphilis?
Strict SOP because of infectious blood transmission
What dental modifications are needed for patients with gonorrhea?
no contraindication to treatment if the patient has started antibiotics.
What dental modification are needed for patients with genial herpes?
delay elective treatment if oral herpes is present to avoid spreading it around the face, to dental professional, or getting into conjunctivae.
What venereal conditions require a premed?
none
what emergency situations can arise from venereal conditions>
none
When should you do a medical consult with pregnant or nursing women?
before prescribing antibiotics or analgesics.
What dental modifications should you make for pregnant women?
Timing of dental care-second and first part of third trimester are best for elective care. Plaque control in first trimester.Shorter appointments
The pregnant patient in the third trimester may need to be more upright to avoid – due to uterus pressing on vena cava
syncope
Pregnant patients should not have – during first trimester and its use should be limited in second and third
nitrous oxide
Pregnant patients should be given information on –
dental care for their newborns and infants
For nursing patients minimize the use of –
drugs and meds
Do pregnant or nursing women need premeds?
no
What drugs are to be avoided in pregnant and nursing women?
all medications and drugs unless needed for urgent care, limit.
what potential emergency situation can arise with pregnant women?
syncope
What dental treatment modifications are needed for patients with menopause, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis?
avoid tissue trauma and extractions (IV bisphosphonates) to avoid osteonecrosis of the jaw
