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Medical Managemnet > Genito-Urinary System > Flashcards

Genito-Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Symptoms such as lower back pain, disturbance when urinating, blood or pus in pee, enlargement of the kidneys or edema might suggest what problem?

A

kidney disorder

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2
Q

What is the inflammation of the renal glomeruli which affects kidney function called?

A

Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

What demographic does glomerulonephritis occur in?

A

children and teens

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4
Q

What is a onset symptom of glomerulonephtitis

A

strep throat 1-3 weeks prior

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5
Q

Glomerulonephritis can cause —

A

renal damage

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6
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis can be complicated by –

A

hypertension

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7
Q

If both kidneys are unfunctional the patient requires a –

A

transplant

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8
Q

Most patients who have had a kidney transplant have – kidneys.

A

3, two nonfunctional and one functional

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9
Q

Why are patients who have undergone a kidney transplant more prone to infection?

A

the meds needed to prevent rejection suppress the immune system

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10
Q

What is a side effect of kidney antitransplant rejection meds?

A

hypertension

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11
Q

It is important for dental professionals to monitor – in patients with kidney transplants.

A

blood pressure-when blood pressure is unidentified you must refer.

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12
Q

In end-stage renal disease both kidneys are nonfunctional and the patient can be kept alive by using a —

A

artificial kidney machine-dialysis

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13
Q

In patients with dialysis a arteriovenous fistula is used to connect the patient to the machine and can be a site of – similar to –

A

infection

bacterial endocarditis

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14
Q

Most infections are caused by skin bacteria not – from the oral cavity.

A

organisms

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15
Q

During dialysis, the patient is given heparin to –

A

stop blood from clotting

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16
Q

The effect of heparin takes – to wear off

A

4 hrs

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17
Q

The process of dialysis may damage –

A

platelets

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18
Q

Patients should not receive dental treatment while on dialysis, instead delay treatment until –

A

the day after dialysis

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19
Q

Being on dialysis increases a patients risk for developing –

A

hep B or C

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20
Q

Questions need to be asked of patients on dialysis to determine a history of –

A

viral hep, or chronic liver disease

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21
Q

What are three common venereal diseases?

A

gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes

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22
Q

What is a contagious infection of the genital mucosa of both genders?

A

gonorrhea

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23
Q

How do you treat gonorrhea?

A

cefixime, ceftiaxone, azithromycin, spectinomycin

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24
Q

What is caused by the direct contact with moist surfaces of the body of a person in an infectious state, contact with contaminated materials, transfusion of infected blood or plasma, or passage of an organism from mother to fetus?

A

syphilis

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25
Q

In syphilis the organism enter through –

A

broken skin or mucous membrane

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26
Q

What is the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis?

A

penicillin

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27
Q

Patients undergoing treatment for primary or secondary syphilis are –

A

potentially infectious

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28
Q

Patients can maintain seropositive for syphilis up to – after treatment.

A

1 year

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29
Q

Antibiotics are not effective in – syphilis

A

tertiary

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30
Q

Patients with tertiary syphilis are seropositive but not –

A

infective

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31
Q

Genital herpes is transmitted by –, or –

A

direct sexual contact

mother to newborn

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32
Q

The virus of genital herpes remains in the body creating –

A

periodic recurrent infections

33
Q

Genial herpes has no cure, however, –, –, and – have been able to relive symptoms and shorten duration of disease. They do not eliminate the virus or affect recurrence.

A

zovirax, famvir, valtrex

34
Q

In pregnant women –, – ,and – are within the first trimester.

A

fatigue, nausea, syncope

35
Q

pregnant women often develop a functional –

A

heart murmur

36
Q

The hormonal changes of pregnancy often create exaggerated inflammatory response of – resulting in – or –

A

gingival tissues
pregnancy gingivitis
pregnancy tumors

37
Q

Chair positions may need to be altered for women in the – trimester

A

third trimester

38
Q

A nursing mother can transmit trace amounts of – or – administered through dental procedures

A

drugs or meds

39
Q

Dental professionals should select drugs and meds in nursing mothers carefully to avoid –

A

harming infant

40
Q

It is advised to consult with nursing patients doc about –

A

dosages

41
Q

IF a patients has had a miscarriage or stillbirth or a baby with low birth weight that patient might be in the beginning stages of an –

A

endocrine disorder such as diabetes.

42
Q

A history of menstrual bleeding or use of oral birth control might indicate –

A

bleeding problems

43
Q

repeated loss of blood during menstruation may result in – or –

A

mild anemia or iron deficiency

44
Q

After menopause women can experience –

A

osteoporosis- thinning of the bones

45
Q

To prevent osteoporosis after menopause patients are given – and treated with –

A

calcium

bisphosphonates

46
Q

Boniva, Fosamax and actonel are all –

A

oral bisphosphonates

47
Q

A complication of oral bisphosphonates is –

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

48
Q

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is cause by dental procedures such as –, resulting in an area of necrosis. Common in the –.

A

extractions

mandible

49
Q

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw consists of –, – ,–

A

antimicrobial rinses, systemic antibiotics, and minimally invasive dental therapies

50
Q

Patients who have a penile implant may be at risk for –

A

infection

51
Q

For patients with penile implants a doctor consult is suggested to determine need for –

A

premed

52
Q

For patients with kidney disease what conditions indicate a medical consult?

A

history of renal failure

history of glomerulonephritis

53
Q

For patients with kidney disease what are two modifications to dental treatment?

A

avoid trauma to soft tissues because of hemorrhage

monitor BP

54
Q

For patients with a kidney disorder what conditions indicate premed?

A

Glomerulonephritis

55
Q

For patients with a kidney disorder what drugs are to be avoided?

A

Tetracycline, aspirin, NSAIDs will increase the blood urea nitrogen

56
Q

For patients with a kidney disorder what medical emergency situations might arise>

A

none

57
Q

For patients with a kidney transplant what conditions indicate a medical consult?

A

Tranplants

58
Q

For patients with dialysis why is a medical consult needed?

A

for determining the selection of meds and dosages

59
Q

What dental modifications are needed for patients with dialysis?

A

standard precautions for hepatitis virus transmission prevention. emphasize oral hygiene and disease prevention

60
Q

Do kidney transplant patients need a premed>

A

yes

61
Q

What drugs should be avoided for patients with kidney transplants or dialysis?

A

drugs that are metabolized by the kidneys or nephrotoxic drugs

62
Q

What potential emergency situation arise from patients with a kidney transplant or dialysis?

A

excessive bleeding

63
Q

What condition of venereal disease indicated medical consult?

A

tertiary syphilis

64
Q

What dental modifications are needed for patients with syphilis?

A

Strict SOP because of infectious blood transmission

65
Q

What dental modifications are needed for patients with gonorrhea?

A

no contraindication to treatment if the patient has started antibiotics.

66
Q

What dental modification are needed for patients with genial herpes?

A

delay elective treatment if oral herpes is present to avoid spreading it around the face, to dental professional, or getting into conjunctivae.

67
Q

What venereal conditions require a premed?

A

none

68
Q

what emergency situations can arise from venereal conditions>

A

none

69
Q

When should you do a medical consult with pregnant or nursing women?

A

before prescribing antibiotics or analgesics.

70
Q

What dental modifications should you make for pregnant women?

A

Timing of dental care-second and first part of third trimester are best for elective care. Plaque control in first trimester.Shorter appointments

71
Q

The pregnant patient in the third trimester may need to be more upright to avoid – due to uterus pressing on vena cava

A

syncope

72
Q

Pregnant patients should not have – during first trimester and its use should be limited in second and third

A

nitrous oxide

73
Q

Pregnant patients should be given information on –

A

dental care for their newborns and infants

74
Q

For nursing patients minimize the use of –

A

drugs and meds

75
Q

Do pregnant or nursing women need premeds?

A

no

76
Q

What drugs are to be avoided in pregnant and nursing women?

A

all medications and drugs unless needed for urgent care, limit.

77
Q

what potential emergency situation can arise with pregnant women?

A

syncope

78
Q

What dental treatment modifications are needed for patients with menopause, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis?

A

avoid tissue trauma and extractions (IV bisphosphonates) to avoid osteonecrosis of the jaw

Medical Managemnet (13 decks)

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