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FINALS - CARDIO > Meds > Flashcards

Meds Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of ACEi

A

inhibit angiotensin 1 –> angiotensin II

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2
Q

name of ACEis

A

-pril eg lisinopril

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3
Q

SE ACEi (3)

A

cough // angioedema // hyperkalaemia

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4
Q

what conditions are ACEi contraindicated in (3)

A

pregnancy // renovascular disease // aortic stenosis

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5
Q

what K levels would indicate seeking advice before starting ACEi

A

> 5

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6
Q

interactions with ACEi (1)

A

high dose diuretic –> hypotension

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7
Q

what needs to be monitored after changing or increasing ACEi

A

U+E’s

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8
Q

what creatine and potassium rise is OK in ACEi

A

serum up to 30% and K up to 5.5

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9
Q

what would significant renal impairment after starting ACEi indicate

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

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10
Q

mechanism of ARBs

A

block angiotensin II at angiotensin receptor

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11
Q

exampls of ARBs

A

-sartan, losartan, candesartan

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12
Q

when are ARBs used

A

2nd line to ACEi - usually if patient develops a cough

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13
Q

cautions (1) and SE (2) of ARBs

A

caution - renovascular disease // SE - hypotension + hyperkalaemia

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14
Q

what is an iontropic effect on the heart

A

increases contractility –> increased CO

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15
Q

what are the 2 main classes of CCBs + what do they do

A

dihydropyridines (relax blood vessels) eg nifidpine, amlodipine // non-dihydropyridines (highly negatively inotropic) eg verapamil or dilitiazem

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16
Q

mechanism verapamil

A

highly negatively inotropic

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17
Q

indications verapamil

A

angina, hypertension, arrhythmia

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18
Q

interaction verapamil

A

do not give with BB as can cause heart block

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19
Q

SE and cautions with verapamil

A

HF!! // constipation // hypotension // bradycardia // flushing

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20
Q

indications for diltiazem

A

angina or hypertension

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21
Q

interactions dilitiazem

A

BBs –> HF

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22
Q

SE and cautions diltiazem

A

hypotension // bradycardia // HF // ankle swelling!!!

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23
Q

indication nifidepine, amlodipine, felodipine (dihydropyridines) (3)

A

hypertension // angina // reynaulds

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24
Q

why are dihydropyridines more likely to cause ankle swelling

A

peripheral vascular smooth muscle dilated

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25
SE and cautions dihydropyridines
flushing // headache // ankle swelling
26
SE nifedipine
reflex tachycardia
27
what is the rate control drug of choice in Afib
BB
28
SE of BBs (5)
bronchospasm // cold peripheries // fatigue // sleep disturbance // ED
29
contraindications BB (3)
uncontrolled HF // asthma // sick sinus
30
what drug should BB never be given with
verapamil --> bradycardia / heart block / HF
31
mechanism of loop diuretics
inhibit NaKCl in ascending thick loop of henle --> reduce absorption of NaCl
32
what dosing adjustment may be required for kidney patients on loop diuretics
increasing doses so a sufficient concentration in kidneys is achieved
33
main indications for loop diuretics
HF or resistant hypertension
34
SE loop diuretics
hyponatraemia // hypokalaemia + magnesia // alkalosis // otoxic // hypocalcaemia // AKI // gout
35
mechanism of thiazide diuretics
inhibit NaCl in distal convuluted tubule
36
what is lost in thiazide diuretics
K + na
37
common side affects of thiazides (6)
dehydration // hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypercalceamia // gout // reduced glucose tolerance // impotence// pancreatitis
38
what drug does potassium sparing diuretics need to be given with caution
ACEi --> hyperkalaemia
39
examples of potassium sparing diuretics
amiloride (usually with another diuretic // spironolactone
40
what type of drug is amiodarone
class III antiarrhythmic (for atrial, nodal, and V tach)
41
mechanism of amiodarone
blocking K channels which lengthens AP
42
how should amiodarone be administered and why
into central veins as can cause thrombophlebitis
43
what drugs does amiodarone interact with (2)
p450 inhibitors eg warfarin --> increased INR // increases digoxin
44
how is amiodarone monitored
TFT and LFT every 6 months
45
SE of amiodatone (7)
thyroid issues // corneal depositis // liver + pulmonary fibrosis // peripheral neoropathy // photosensitive // gray appearance // bradycardia + lengthen QT
46
when is adenosine indicated
sinus tachycardia
47
when should adenosine be avoided
asthmatics --> bronchospasm
48
mechanism of adenosine
agonsit of A1 receptor in AV node --> increased efflux of K --> hyperpolarisation
49
how should adenoise be administered
large cannula (short half life)
50
SE adenosine (3)
chest pain // bronchospasm // transient flusing
51
mechanism of statin
inhibits HMG -CoA reductase (RLS in cholesterol synthesis)
52
contraindications for statins (2)
macrolides eg erythromycin and clarithromycin // pregnancy // (watch LFTs as well)
53
who gets statins
everyone with CVD or with a 10 year CVD risk >10%
54
statin dose for primary CVD prevention
atorvatatin 20mg
55
statin dose for secondary CVD prevention
atorvastatin 80mg
56
effect of nitrates
vasodilating (+ reduce venous return --> reduce ventricular work)
57
indication for nitrates
angina + acute heart failure
58
SE nitrates
hypotension, tachycardia, headache, flushing
59
what dosing advice is given for isosorbide nitrate
have 10-14 nitrate free hours // ie take second dose after 8 hours
60
when is nicorandil indicated + what is the mechanism
angina (K channel activator --> vasodilation)
61
SE nicorandil
GI + anal ulcers // headache and flushing
62
contraindications nicorandil
left ventricular failure

FINALS - CARDIO (17 decks)

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