Heart failure Flashcards
how is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured
echo
how much does LVEF need to be reduced to be termed HF with reduced ejection fraction (HF-rEF)
35-40%
how does HF-rEF and HF-pEF related to systole and diastole
HF-rEF is usually problem with systole + contraction // HF-pEF is usually problem with diastole + filling
what can cause systolic dysfunction
IHD // dilated cardioyopathy // myocarditis // arrythmia
what can cause diastolic dysfunction
HCOM // restrictive cardiomyopathy // tamponade // contrictive pericarditis
what side of the heart does HF-rEF and HF-pEF cause failure of
left
what side of the heart does HF-rEF and HF-pEF cause failure of
left
what can cause right sided HF
increased RV afterload (pulm hypertension) // increased right ventricular preload (tricuspid regurg)
symptoms LV HF
pulmonary oedea - dyspnoea, orthopnoea, nocturnal dypnosea, basal fine crackles
symptoms RV HF
periphal oedema // raised JVP // hepatomegaly // weight gain (fluid retention) // anorexia?
what is high output cardiac failure
heart working normally but cannot meet bodies metabolic needs
causes high output HF
anaemia // AV malformation // Pagets // pregnancy // wet beri-beri (thiamine def)
symptoms chronic HF
dyspnoea // cough, worse at night // pink sputum // wheeze // weight loss // RSHF: raised JVP. ankle oedema
first line invx HF
proBNP blood tests
if high levels of BNP what test is done next in HF
high –> echo 2 weeks // raised –> echo 6 weeks