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FDMHIST > Medieval Europe > Flashcards

Medieval Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Patron Saint of France
- led France to victory in war with England
- no military training

A

Joan of Arc

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2
Q

Political Figure in the Middle Ages
- wife of King Louis of France then to Henry II
- led revolts and was frequently by her husband and sons
- ruled and controlled large areas of land in her behalf (France and England)

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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3
Q

“She-Wolf of France”
- known for her diplomatic skills, intelligence, and beauty
- Queen-consort of England known for her leadership of the rebellion against her husband King Edward II

A

Isabella of France

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4
Q

Medieval Clothing

A

CHEMISE and BRAIES

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5
Q

Medieval Clothing (SHIRT)
- hip length for men
- longer for women

A

CHEMISE

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6
Q

Medieval Clothing
- roughly fitting drawers
- in natural colored linen
- constituted their underwear

A

BRAIES

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7
Q

Medieval Tunics description

A

• Round neckline and long sleeves
• Loose-fitting but girded at the waist
• Colored linen or wool, and were decorated with embroidered bands at the neck, wrist and hem
• Legs were covered with ill-fitting hose which were cut from cloth on 2 vertical lines and sewn together, held up by banding or garters

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8
Q
  • sleeveless ver of this was worn over the tunic in 13th Century
  • derived from TABARD
A

SURCOAT

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9
Q
  • where SURCOAT was derived from
  • a garment worn over their armor by crusading knights
A

TABARD

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10
Q

The SURCOAT, worn by men and women, had slits, called the _____, so that the waistbelts with purses tied underneath could be easily reached

A

FITCHETS

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11
Q
  • the hose grew longer to become ____
  • cut from velvet, silk, or woolen cloth that extended from the foot to the upper thigh
A

TIGHTS

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12
Q
  • a bag covering the front opening between the legs to conceal and protect the male genitals
  • became necessary as the tunics became shorter
A

CODPIECE

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13
Q

Women’s Clothing in the Middle Ages

A

• The BODICE, which extended to the hips, was fitted like a man’s tunic and worn with a heavy belt around the hips.

• The SLEEVES could be simple & fitted, or
elaborate & reached the floor.

• The SKIRT was very full, gored and long.

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14
Q

Women’s Clothing in Middle Ages
- a gown that was often worn on top
- had no sleeves but had very large armholes to display the gown underneath

A

SIDELESS SURCOAT

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15
Q
  • front panels of the SIDELESS SURCOAT
  • often trimmed with fur
A

PLASTRON

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16
Q

Different Styles of Women’s Clothing in the Middle Ages

A
  1. PARTI-COLORING
  2. COUNTERCHANGE DESIGNS
  3. DAGGES
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17
Q

Style of Women’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- all the garments, including the hose, are one color down one side
- a different color on the other

A

PARTI-COLORING

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18
Q

Style of Women’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- when the colors of heraldic, floral, or geometric, and the ground colors are interchanged

A

COUNTERCHANGE DESIGNS

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19
Q

Style of Women’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- edgest of the garments are cut into different shapes

A

DAGGES

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20
Q

Men’s Clothing in the Middle Ages

A
  1. CYCLAS
  2. GANACHE (or GARNACHE/GARDCORP)
  3. HOUPPELANDE
  4. DOUBLET
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21
Q

Men’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- a surcoat
- an unfitted rectangular cloth with an opening for the head

A

CYCLAS

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22
Q

Men’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- an overcoat worn by men of all social classes
- most likely of thicker wool
- provides warmth and protection during inclement weather

A

GANACHE
(or GARNACHE or GARDCORP)

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23
Q

Men’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- a long, very full outer-garment like a robe
- with long flaring sleeves
- the edges were often dagged
- worn by both men and women

A

HOUPPELANDE

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24
Q

Men’s Clothing in the Middle Ages
- close-fitting, waisted, padded jacket
- purpose is to give fashionable shape and padding

A

DOUBLET

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25
Q

• Originally worn on the surcoat, it
repeated the bearer’s arms as seen on his
banner or shield.

• Particularly useful to heralds as they
toured the battlefield to identify the dead

• A “heraldic achievement” – consists of a
shield, the warrior’s helmet, the wreath
and the crest; could also include badges,
mottoes, a crown or coronet.

• An embellished record of personal or
family history

A

The Coat of Arms

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26
Q
  • long sleeved garment
  • thigh-high for men; full length for women
  • made to fit closely by buttoning or lacing
A

COTEHARDIE

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27
Q

Textiles of Medieval Europe

A
  1. LINEN
  2. WOOL
  3. SILK
  4. FURS
  5. LEATHER
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28
Q

Textile of Medieval Europe
- breathable and light
- not as itchy as wool
- used for garments close to the skin

A

LINEN

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29
Q

Textile of Medieval Europe
- used for outer-garments bc of its weight and warmth

A

WOOL

30
Q

Textile of Medieval Europe
- most expensive
- reserved for the wealthy and aristocratic

A

SILK

31
Q

Textile of Medieval Europe
- peasants: easily attainable like rabbit and badger
- wealthy: rarest like ermine and sable

A

FURS

32
Q

Textile of Medieval Europe
- used for shoes, belts, armor, and heavy aprons

A

LEATHER

33
Q

Textiles of the Nobility’s garments in the Middle Ages

A
  • fine, light-weight WOOL
  • LINEN from Reins
  • imported SILK
34
Q

Textiles of the Peasant’s garments in the Middle Ages

A

Coarser Fabrics
- rough LINEN
- rough DUFFEL
- Lindsey WOOL

35
Q
  • used to describe a range of Textiles (including needle-point and certain mechanically-woven and ribbed fabrics)
  • designates a figurative weft-faced textile woven by hand on a loom
A

TAPESTRIES

36
Q
  • one of the world’s most famous pieces of medieval art
  • 70 meters long
  • chronicles the Norman conquest of England
A

BAYUEX TAPESTRY

37
Q

Jewelry of Medieval Europe

A
  1. Brooches
  2. Coronets
  3. Others
38
Q

Jewelry of Medieval Europe
- most popular type of medieval jewelry
- mostly circular in shape
- decorated with stones and pearls

A

Brooches

39
Q

other forms of Brooches

A
  1. cluster brooches
  2. wheel brooches
40
Q

Jewelry of Medieval Europe
- worn by the aristocracy to signify rank
- smaller and less elaborate than formal crowns
- circular head ornament that doesn’t have convex arches

A

CORONETS

41
Q

Gold and Silver were the most commonly used when making Medieval Jewelry. Goldsmiths added color by incorporating _____.

The real beauty of medieval jewelry relied on the contrast of gold with the textures and colors of _____ and gemstones.

A

ENAMEL

42
Q

Other Jewelry in Medieval Europe

A

In addition to basic forms of jewelry such as rings, necklaces and bracelets,

medieval jewelry often included other less common forms like buckles, “points” for the ends of laces, buttons, hat badges, belt decorations and pins mostly for holding hairstyles and headdresses in place

43
Q

Women’s Hats and Headdresses (7) Medieval Europe

A
  1. CRESPINE/CRESPINETTE
  2. BARBETTE
  3. FILLET
  4. CUSHION HEADDRESS
  5. HENNIN
  6. WIMPLE
  7. ESCOFFION
44
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- hairnet
- could be decorated with pearls or jewels

A

CRESPINE or CRESPINETTE

45
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- a band of fabric worn horizontally around the temples and under the chin

A

BARBETTE

46
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- “coffee-filter hat”
- like a fabric crown

A

FILLET

47
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- popular during the late 14th to early 15th century

A

CUSHION HEADDRESS

48
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- a steeple-type headdress with a veil trailing from the point
- its height determined the wearer’s rank

A

HENNIN

49
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- a rectangular cloth draped under the chin
- pinned to the fillet
- usually worn with a veil and held down with a coronet or band

A

WIMPLE

50
Q

Women’s Hat/Headdress in Middle Ages
- double-horned configuration
- with gauze or silk draped over for weight distribution or aesthetic purposes

A

ESCOFFION

51
Q

Men’s Hat and Headdresses in the Middle Ages

A
  1. COIF
  2. HOOD
  3. CHAPERON
  4. STRAW HATS
52
Q

Men’s Hat/Headdress in Medieval Europe
- close-fitting cap
- covers the top, side, and back of the head
- made of linen
- worn by both men and women

A

COIF

53
Q

Men’s Hat/Headdress in Medieval Europe
- attached to the cape-like garment (TIPPET)
- ends with a tail (LIRIPIPE)
- can be loose that slips over the head or made more form fitting with buttons down the front

A

HOOD

54
Q

capelet-like garment where the HOOD (of Middle Ages) is attached to

A

TIPPET

55
Q

the HOOD (of Middle Ages) ends with a tail called the:

A

LIRIPIPE

56
Q

Men’s Hat/Headdress in Medieval Europe
- complicated, utilitarian headgear
- first started as a hood
- never worn by the nobility
- more characteristic of Lawyers and Merchants

A

CHAPERON

57
Q

Men’s Hat/Headdress in Medieval Europe
- most worn by lower classes such as farmers and peasants

A

STRAW HATS

58
Q

Hairstyles of young unmarried women in the middle ages

A

loose and uncovered

59
Q

Hairstyle of Modest women in Medieval Europe

A

plaited, braided, and covered with a veil, hairnet, or wimple

60
Q

Neat and Functional Hairstyle for all women in all social classes in the Middle Ages

A

Braids

61
Q

what Braids does for working class women in the Middle Ages

A

kept their hair out of the way

62
Q

what Braids does for noble women in the Middle Ages

A

kept their hair secure under elaborate headdresses

63
Q

sign of beauty in France Middle Ages

A

big foreheads
- women often plucked or shaved their hairline back

64
Q
  • popular hairstyle in Middle Ages
  • braided or plaited coils over both ears
A

RAM’S HORNS

65
Q

Men’s Hairstyles in the Middle Ages

A
  1. PAGE-BOY
  2. BOWL-CUT
66
Q

Men’s Hairstyle in the Middle Ages
- bob cut with short bangs
- gets its name from the hairstyle that medieval English pages wore at court

A

PAGE-BOY

67
Q

Men’s Hairstyle in the Middle Ages
- bowl was placed on the head and used as a cutting guide to trim the hair

A

BOWL-CUT

68
Q

Medieval Footwear
- worn by both men and women
- pointed and Elongated shoes
- usually stuffed with moss or other fillings to keep the shape
- the longer the point, the wealthier the wearer
- showed that wearer lived a life of luxury

A

POULAINE

69
Q

the church’s view on cosmetics during the middle ages

A
  • the church frowned upon the use of cosmetics
  • saw it as a sin of vanity
70
Q

Medieval Europe Make-up and Grooming

A
  1. Leeches for pale complexion
  2. Quicklime for unwanted hair
  3. Mixtures of henna, gorse flowers, saffron, and calf’s kidneys for lightening hair
  4. Pale, Narrow, and heavily Plucked eyebrows

FDMHIST (21 decks)

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