Medicines 4 Flashcards
Why would diazepam be given before surgery?
Sedation for interventional procedures if general anaesthesia is not good
Why would sodium citrate be given before surgery.
To neutralise acidity of fluid in the stomach
Which diabetic medication should promptly report any symptoms indicative of bladder cancer such as haematuria, dysuria, or urinary urgency during treatment.
Pioglitazone
MHRA alert: Pioglitazone: risk of bladder cancer (July 2011)
The European Medicines Agency has advised that there is a small increased risk of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone use. However, in patients who respond adequately to treatment, the benefits of pioglitazone continue to outweigh the risks.
Pioglitazone should not be used in patients with active bladder cancer or a past history of bladder cancer, or in those who have uninvestigated macroscopic haematuria. Pioglitazone should be used with caution in elderly patients as the risk of bladder cancer increases with age.
Before initiating treatment with pioglitazone, patients should be assessed for risk factors of bladder cancer (including age, smoking status, exposure to certain occupational or chemotherapy agents, or previous radiation therapy to the pelvic region) and any macroscopic haematuria should be investigated. The safety and efficacy of pioglitazone should be reviewed after 3–6 months and pioglitazone should be stopped in patients who do not respond adequately to treatment.
Patients already receiving treatment with pioglitazone should be assessed for risk factors of bladder cancer and treatment should be reviewed after 3–6 months, as above.
WHich antidiabetic medication can cause pancreatitis ?
Sitagliptin, Alogliptin, Linagliptin can cause acute pancreatitis
Gliptins/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
What are cracks in the corner of the lips known as ?
Angular chelitis
What is xerostomia? and give an example of a medication that causes it
Dry mouth - Antihistamines, antimuscarinic, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline,Clomipramine) and some diuretics
What medications can cause cause corneal oedema with contact lenses
(e.g. oral contraceptives–particularly those with a higher oestrogen content)
Which drugs cause drugs which reduce eye movement and blink reflex with contact lenses
drugs which reduce eye movement and blink reflex (e.g. anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics, antihistamines, and muscle relaxants)
Which drugs reduce lacrimation with contact lenses?
drugs which reduce lacrimation (e.g. older generation antihistamines, phenothiazines and related drugs, some beta-blockers, diuretics, and tricyclic antidepressants)
Which drugs increase lacrimation with contact lenses?
drugs which increase lacrimation (including ephedrine hydrochloride and hydralazine hydrochloride).
Other drugs that may affect contact lens wear
Isotretinoin (can decrease tolerance to contact lens)
which medications can discolour contact lenses?
rifampicin and sulfasalazine (can discolour lenses).
how can aspirin affect contact lenses?
aspirin (can cause irritation)
what antacid that may cause diarrhoea.
Magnesium containing antacids cause laxative effect
How can cancer drugs be ranked based off their emetogenicity (A more emetogenic drug is one that has a higher likelihood of causing nausea and vomiting)
Drugs may be divided according to their emetogenic potential and some examples are given below, but the symptoms vary according to the dose, to other drugs administered and to the individual’s susceptibility to emetogenic stimuli.
Mildly emetogenic treatment—fluorouracil, etoposide, methotrexate (less than 100 mg/m2, low dose in children), the vinca alkaloids, and abdominal radiotherapy.
Moderately emetogenic treatment—the taxanes, doxorubicin hydrochloride, intermediate and low doses of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and high doses of methotrexate (0.1– 1.2 g/m2).
Highly emetogenic treatment—cisplatin, dacarbazine, and high doses of cyclophosphamide.
