Medicine questions Flashcards
Identify two Christian details in the picture.
- A crucifix.
- Angels.
Identify two ways in which Islam helped the development of medical knowledge and treatments.
Knowledge:
- They knew how to treat people who were mentally unstable with compassion.
- They discovered new drugs and they knew how to discover them.
Treatments:
- They treated mentally unstable people with compassion.
- Hospitals were meant for treating people.
What was the most frequently used surgery?
Bloodletting.
How did a medieval surgeon stop blood flow?
They used a method called cauterisation whereby you would burn the wound to stop the flow of blood. You would use a heated wound.
Why were rivers important for medieval towns?
They were important because they were used for drinking water, transport and to remove waste.
Identify four ways in which people at the time thought that plague was caused.
- Bad air.
- Position of the stars and planets.
- Wells were poisoned by Jews.
- Punishment from God.
Write a definition of the Renaissance as a cultural movement.
The renaissance was a cultural movement that began in Italy in the late 1400s.
Identify two improvements in surgery that Pare made.
- He discovered Ligatures.
Give an example of how John Hunter challenged traditional views.
- He developed the scientific approach.
- He inspired young surgeons.
Explain why catching smallpox terrified people.
Catching smallpox terrified people because it was one of the biggest killers in the 18th century and 30% of people that caught it died.
What were the problems with pain relief before 1800?
- In 1800, surgery was a terrifying prospect because surgeons could not control or stop pain during an operation.
- Before 1800, there were some pain deadening substances that had been known for centuries.
- Alcohol was used but it stimulated the heart and caused heavy bleeding in a wound.
- The result was that surgeons had to operate quickly to reduce pain and would not attempt complicated internal energy.
How did doctors explain wound germs?
- Using microscope, scientists saw microbes.
- They thought they were produced by decay.
- They thought all microbes were the same.
How did the cattle plague of 1886 help to prove Germ Theory?
Initially it was believed that the disease started spontaneously. Farmers were reluctant to kill cattle so the disease spread quickly nationwide. When vets imposed quarantines and the slaughter of cattle, the disease was halted. The government appointed a scientist, Professor Lionel Beale who used the latest microscopes and identified the specific microbe responsible. The cattle plague was clearly spread by contact. This proved germ theory.
Why did towns grow so quickly in the late 1700s and early 1800s?
- Industrialisation.
- Conditions in cities.
Write a brief description for the following key words.
Paul Ehrlich:
- He found chemicals that would only stain a specific type of bacteria but kill it too.
- Ehrlich discovered a chemical cure for syphilis in 1909.
Fleming;
- He discovered penicillin.
Write a short definition for the following key words.
Magic bullet:
Magic bullets were the chemical cure for syphilis.
Staphylococcus:
A highly resistant bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Antibiotic:
A medicine that destroys microorganisms.
Briefly describe the work of Florey and Chain in the development of penicillin.
Florey and Chain:
They successfully treated penicillin on eight mice. Their next move was to treat it on humans and over a period of a few months, they produced enough penicillin to use on a patient with a bad infection.
Explain why medicine can often develop at a greater rate during wartime than in peacetime.
- Governments spend a lot of money on the development of the latest medical techniques and the most up to date medical technology.
- They know that if medical services are good, then more soldiers have a chance of survival.
- Doctors and surgeons work very hard in wartime to develop their ideas in order to treat the injured.
- The huge numbers of wounded soldiers give doctors and surgeons more opportunities than are available in peacetime to test their ideas out.
List two ways in which the British government tried to improve public health in the 20th century.
- Aneurin Bevan set up the NHS.
- In 1906, the Liberal Government introduced a series of reforms.
